{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:54:21Z","timestamp":1768341261162,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020024","name":"KfW Entwicklungsbank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMZ 201568229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMZ 201568229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate diagnostic tests are essential to both support the management and containment of outbreaks, as well as inform appropriate patient care. In the case of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Ag-RDTs) played a major role in this function, enabling widespread testing by untrained individuals, both at home and within health facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T14:01:48Z","timestamp":1680530508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Regional Evaluation of Two SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests in East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-8160","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muna","family":"Affara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakim Idris","family":"Lagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Achol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neema","family":"Omari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Ochido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Kezakarayagwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Fight Against AIDS, Bujumbura, Burundi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Kabatesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Fight Against AIDS, Bujumbura, Burundi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassien","family":"Nduwimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Fight Against AIDS, Bujumbura, Burundi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatole","family":"Nkeshimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Fight Against AIDS, Bujumbura, Burundi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Duku Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory and National Blood Transfusion Centre, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwokpan","family":"Awin Nykwec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory and National Blood Transfusion Centre, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Daniel Wani Lako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory and National Blood Transfusion Centre, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lasuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory and National Blood Transfusion Centre, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lul","family":"Lojok Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory and National Blood Transfusion Centre, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ezekiely Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania"},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bernard Mtesigwa Mkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania"},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Magesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania"},{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salum","family":"Said Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanzibar National Public Health Laboratory, Stonetown, Zanzibar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabra","family":"Amour Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanzibar National Public Health Laboratory, Stonetown, Zanzibar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Pimundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services (NHLDS), Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonny","family":"Muyigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services (NHLDS), Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Ndidde Nabadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services (NHLDS), Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rutayisire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Kabanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kabalisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Nzeyimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Katende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gehre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"East African Community (EAC), Arusha, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"East African Community. EACPass. https:\/\/eacpass.eac.int."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus (COVID19) Dashboard. https:\/\/covid19.who.int."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02300-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.774550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.995249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. FIND evaluation of SARS-COV-2 antigen (Ag) detecting tests. https:\/\/www.finddx.org\/sarscov2-eval-antigen\/. Accessed 18 January 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02028-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00700-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assay."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9245248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01922-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1034682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00933-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01895-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq5358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00140-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). 2021. SARS-CoV-2 viral mutations: impact on COVID-19 tests. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices\/sars-cov-2-viral-mutations-impact-covid-19-tests."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.780801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00302-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"SB. 2021. STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test. https:\/\/www.sdbiosensor.com\/product\/product_view?product_no=241#."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Bionote. 2021. NowCheck COVID-19 Ag Test."}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T13:22:07Z","timestamp":1686835327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eleanor A.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.04895-22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e04895-22"}}