{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T11:04:28Z","timestamp":1779275068238,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Nontypeable\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n is a common cause of human disease and initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. In previous work we identified high-molecular-weight adhesins referred to as HMW1 and HMW2, expressed by nontypeable strain 12, and determined that most strains of nontypeable\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n express one or two antigenically related proteins. More recently, we determined that some strains lack HMW1- and HMW2-like proteins and instead express an adhesin called Hia. In the present study, we determined the prevalence and distribution of the\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n hia<\/jats:italic>\n genes in a collection of 59 nontypeable strains previously characterized in terms of genetic relatedness. Based on Southern analysis, 47 strains contained sequences homologous to the\n hmw1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n hmw2<\/jats:italic>\n genes and nine strains contained homologs to\n hia<\/jats:italic>\n . No strain harbored both\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n hia<\/jats:italic>\n , and three strains harbored neither. Although the\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n hia<\/jats:italic>\n genes failed to define distinct genetic divisions, the\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n -deficient strains formed small clusters or lineages within the larger population structure. Additional analysis established that the IS\n 1016<\/jats:italic>\n insertion element was uniformly absent from strains containing\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n sequences but was present in two-thirds of the\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n -deficient strains. As IS\n 1016<\/jats:italic>\n is associated with the capsule locus (\n cap<\/jats:italic>\n ) in most encapsulated strains of\n H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n , we speculate that\n hmw<\/jats:italic>\n -deficient nontypeable strains evolved more recently from an encapsulated ancestor.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.66.1.364-368.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T15:20:17Z","timestamp":1577805617000},"page":"364-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Prevalence and Distribution of the\n hmw<\/i>\n and\n hia<\/i>\n Genes and the HMW and Hia Adhesins among Genetically Diverse Strains of Nontypeable\n Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Joseph W.","family":"St. Geme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vini V.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Barenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, and The Pediatric Research Institute, Cardinal Glennon Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 631042"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.4.1246-1251.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.4.1302-1313.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02467.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.4.1150-1155.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.2.859-864.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.6.3343-3347.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.1.183-191.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.20.7758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.53.4.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-136-7-1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02222.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"St. Geme J. 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