{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T17:31:15Z","timestamp":1773595875756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1979,1,1]],"date-time":"1979-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":283996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The membrane effects of chlorpromazine, nupercain, tetracain, and procain were studied using Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, and Streptococcus faecalis, protoplasts from S. faecalis, and isolated membranes from B. subtilis. Chlorpromazin, nupercain, and tetracain produced characteristic micromorphological alterations after treatment for 5 to 30 min at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C; the membrane staining pattern changed from asymmetric to symmetric, complex mesosome-like structures appeared, and membrane fractures and solubilization occurred. Procain at concentrations up to 100 mM did not induce detectable alterations. Protoplasts were quickly lysed by 10 mM tetracain. A rapid and extensive leakage of K+ was induced by chlorpromazin, nupercain, and tetracain. Procain (100 mM) induced a slight K+ leakage. The membrane respiratory activity of intact B. cereus cells (as measured by the triphenyl tetrazolium reduction) and the succinic dehydrogenase activity of B. subtilis isolated membranes were found to be inhibited by the four local anesthetics. The concentrations that produced 50% inhibition of those activities are correlated with the hydrophobicities of the anesthetic molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T16:29:05Z","timestamp":1578068945000},"page":"461-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Effects of local anesthetics on bacterial cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"M T","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J C","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J J","family":"Pol\u00f3nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P M","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(72)90051-X","article-title":"NMR evidence for hydrophobic interaction of local anesthetics. Possible relation to their potency","volume":"290","author":"Cerb J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cerb 6n, J. 1972 . NMR evidence for hydrophobic interaction of local anesthetics. Possible relation to their potency . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 290 : 51 - 57 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(75)90121-2","article-title":"Fluidity of natural membranes and phosphatidylserine and ganglioside dispersions. Effects of local anesthetics, cholesterol and protein","volume":"413","author":"Feinstein M. B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Feinstein , M. B. , S. M. Fernandez , and R. I. Sha'afi . 1975 . Fluidity of natural membranes and phosphatidylserine and ganglioside dispersions. Effects of local anesthetics, cholesterol and protein . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 413 : 354 - 370 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(73)90003-5","article-title":"The importance of the hydrophobic interactions of local anesthetics in the displacement of polyvalent cations from artificial lipid membranes","volume":"298","author":"Fernandez S. M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fernandez , S. M. , and J. Cerb 6n. 1973 . The importance of the hydrophobic interactions of local anesthetics in the displacement of polyvalent cations from artificial lipid membranes . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 298 : 8 - 14 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(74)90501-3","article-title":"Binding of spin-labeled local anesthetics to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine liposomes","volume":"163","author":"Giotta G. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Giotta , G. J. , D. S. Chan , and H. H. Wang . 1974 . Binding of spin-labeled local anesthetics to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine liposomes . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 163 : 453 - 458 .","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(70)90219-1","article-title":"The interaction of small molecules with spin-labeled erythrocyte membranes","volume":"219","author":"Hubbell W. L.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hubbell , W. L. , J. C. Metcalfe , S. M. Metcalfe , and H. M. McConnell . 1970 . The interaction of small molecules with spin-labeled erythrocyte membranes . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 219 : 415 - 427 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.116.3.1456-1465.1973","article-title":"New procedure for the isolation of membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis and an electron microscopy study of their ultrastructure","volume":"116","author":"Konings W. N.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Konings , W. N. , A. Bishop , M. Veenhuis , and C. A. Vermeulen . 1973 . New procedure for the isolation of membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis and an electron microscopy study of their ultrastructure . J. Bacteriol. 116 : 1456 - 1465 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"526","article-title":"Partition coefficients and their uses","volume":"71","author":"Leo A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Leo , A. , C. Hansch , and D. Elkins . 1971 . Partition coefficients and their uses . Chem. Rev. 71 : 526 - 616 .","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry 0.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry , 0. H. , N. J. Rosebrough , A. L. Farr , and R. J. Randall . 1951 . Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem. 193 : 265 - 275 .","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(72)90020-X","article-title":"The hydrophobic expansion of erythrocyte membranes by the phenol anesthetics","volume":"255","author":"Machleidt H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Machleidt , H. , S. Roth , and P. Seeman . 1972 . The hydrophobic expansion of erythrocyte membranes by the phenol anesthetics . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255 : 178 - 189 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)76946-4","article-title":"Sites of electron transfer to tetrazolium salts in the succinic oxidase system","volume":"236","author":"Nachlas M. M.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Nachlas , M. M. , S. I. Margulier , and A. M. Seligman . 1960 . Sites of electron transfer to tetrazolium salts in the succinic oxidase system . J. Biol. Chem. 236 : 2739 - 2743 .","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(72)90001-9","article-title":"Studies on the mechanism of action of local anesthetics with phospholipid model membranes","volume":"265","author":"Papahadjopoulos D.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Papahadjopoulos , D. 1972 . Studies on the mechanism of action of local anesthetics with phospholipid model membranes . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 265 : 169 - 186 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(75)90137-6","article-title":"Effects of local anesthetics on membrane properties. I. Changes in the fluidity of phospholipid bilayers","volume":"394","author":"Papahadjopoulos D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Papahadjopoulos , D. , K. Jacobson , G. Poste , and G. Sheperd . 1975 . Effects of local anesthetics on membrane properties. I. Changes in the fluidity of phospholipid bilayers . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 394 : 504 - 519 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.107.1.230-238.1971","article-title":"Characterization of the membrane-bound succinic dehydrogenase of Micrococcus Iysodeikticus","volume":"107","author":"Pollock J. J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pollock , J. J. , R. L Ander , and M. R. J. Salton . 1971 . Characterization of the membrane-bound succinic dehydrogenase of Micrococcus Iysodeikticus . J. Bacteriol. 107 : 230 - 238 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-66-2-133","article-title":"Thermal Iysis of bacterial membranes and its prevention by polyamines","volume":"66","author":"Ray P. H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ray , P. H. , and T. D. Brock . 1971 . Thermal Iysis of bacterial membranes and its prevention by polyamines . J. Gen. Microbiol. 66 : 133 - 135 .","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(72)90023-5","article-title":"The membrane concentrations of neutral and positive anesthetics (alcohols, chlorpromazin, morphine) fit the Meyer-Overton rule of anesthesia; negative narcotics do not","volume":"255","author":"Roth S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Roth , S. , and P. Seeman . 1972 . The membrane concentrations of neutral and positive anesthetics (alcohols, chlorpromazin, morphine) fit the Meyer-Overton rule of anesthesia; negative narcotics do not . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255 : 207 - 219 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1975.tb07627.x","article-title":"Comparative studies on the membrane actions of depressant drugs: the role of lipophilicity in inhibition of brain sodium and potassium ATPase","volume":"24","author":"Roufogalis B. D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Roufogalis , B. D. 1975 . Comparative studies on the membrane actions of depressant drugs: the role of lipophilicity in inhibition of brain sodium and potassium ATPase . J. Neurochem. 24 : 51 - 61 .","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryter A. and E. Kellenberger. 1958. Etude au microscope electronique de plasmas contenant de l'acide desoxyribonucleique. Z. Naturforsch. 13b:597-605.","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1958-0908"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(71)90088-5","article-title":"Ultrastructural and chemical alterations induced by dicumarol in Streptococcus faecalis","volume":"249","author":"Santos-Mota J. M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Santos-Mota , J. M. , M. T. Silva , and F. C. Guerra . 1971 . Ultrastructural and chemical alterations induced by dicumarol in Streptococcus faecalis . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249 : 114 - 121 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00425241","article-title":"Variations in the membranes of Streptococcus faecalis related to different cultural conditions","volume":"83","author":"Santos-Mota J. M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Santos-Mota , J. M. , M. T. Silva , and F. C. Guerra . 1972 . Variations in the membranes of Streptococcus faecalis related to different cultural conditions . Arch. Mikrobiol. 83 : 293 - 302 .","journal-title":"Arch. Mikrobiol."},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"583","article-title":"The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers","volume":"24","author":"Seeman P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Seeman , P. 1972 . The membrane actions of anesthetics and tranquilizers . Pharmacol. Rev. 24 : 583 - 655 .","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(72)90019-3","article-title":"General anesthetics expand cell membranes at surgical concentrations","volume":"255","author":"Seeman P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Seeman , P. , and S. Roth . 1972 . General anesthetics expand cell membranes at surgical concentrations . Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 255 : 171 - 177 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"p_22","first-page":"177","article-title":"The membrane concentrations of alcohol anesthetics","volume":"255","author":"Seeman P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Seeman , P. , S. Roth , and H. Schneider . 1971 . The membrane concentrations of alcohol anesthetics . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 255 : 177 - 184 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(67)90062-6","article-title":"Electron microscopic aspects of membrane alterations during bacterial cell","volume":"46","author":"Silva M. T.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Silva , M. T. 1967 . Electron microscopic aspects of membrane alterations during bacterial cell Iysis. Exp. Cell. Res. 46 : 245 - 251 .","journal-title":"Iysis. Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"Silva M. T. 1975. The ultrastructure of the membranes of gram-positive bacteria as influenced by fixatives and membrane-damaging treatments p. 255-289. In R. M. Burton and L. Packer (ed.) Biomembranes: lipids proteins and receptors. BI-Science Publ. Div. Webster Grove Mo."},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(71)90151-9","article-title":"Uranyl salts as fixatives for electron microscopy. Study of the membrane ultrastructure and phospholipid loss in bacilli","volume":"233","author":"Silva M. T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Silva , M. T. , J. M. Santos-Mota , J. V. C. Melo , and F. C. Guerra . 1971 . Uranyl salts as fixatives for electron microscopy. Study of the membrane ultrastructure and phospholipid loss in bacilli . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 233 : 513 - 520 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1128\/am.24.3.463-476.1972","article-title":"Ultrastructural alterations induced by moist heat in Bacillus cereus","volume":"24","author":"Silva M. T.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Silva , M. T. , and J. C. F. Sousa . 1972 . Ultrastructural alterations induced by moist heat in Bacillus cereus . Appl. Microbiol. 24 : 463 - 476 .","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.127.3.1359-1369.1976","article-title":"Effects of phenethyl alcohol on Bacillus and Streptococcus","volume":"127","author":"Silva M. T.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Silva , M. T. , J. C. F. Sousa , M. A. E. Macedo , J. J. Po -16nia, and A. M. Parente . 1976 . Effects of phenethyl alcohol on Bacillus and Streptococcus . J. Bacteriol. 127 : 1359 - 1369 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_28","first-page":"92","article-title":"Bacterial mesosomes. Real structures or artifacts","volume":"443","author":"Silva M. T.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Silva , M. T. , J. C. F. Sousa , J. J. Pol 6nia, M. A. E. Macedo , and A. M. Parente . 1976 . Bacterial mesosomes. Real structures or artifacts ? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 443 : 92 - 105 .","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"p_29","first-page":"36","article-title":"Membrane alterations induced by moist heat in Streptococcus faecalis","volume":"1","author":"Sousa J. C. F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sousa , J. C. F. , M. T. Silva , J. M. Santos-Mota , and M. L. Abreu . 1972 . Membrane alterations induced by moist heat in Streptococcus faecalis . Rev. Microsc. Electron. 1 : 36 - 37 .","journal-title":"Rev. Microsc. Electron."},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.131.2.431-437.1977","article-title":"Induction of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli: effect of procain hydrochloride","volume":"131","author":"Tribhuwan R. C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tribhuwan , R. C. , and D. S. Pradhan . 1977 . Induction of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli: effect of procain hydrochloride . J. Bacteriol. 131 : 431 - 437 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1973.tb15285.x","article-title":"Electron spin resonance studies with the volatile anesthetics on phospholipid model membranes","volume":"222","author":"Trudell J. R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Trudell , J. R. , W. L. Hubbell , and E. N. Cohen . 1973 . Electron spin resonance studies with the volatile anesthetics on phospholipid model membranes . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 222 : 530 - 537 .","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(62)80035-5","article-title":"Organelles intracytoplasmiques bacteriennes et site d'activite oxydoreductrice","volume":"7","author":"Vanderwinkel E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Vanderwinkel , E. , and R. G. E. Murray . 1962 . Organelles intracytoplasmiques bacteriennes et site d'activite oxydoreductrice . J. Ultrastruct. Res. 7 : 185 - 199 .","journal-title":"J. Ultrastruct. Res."},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.25.2.407","article-title":"A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy","volume":"25","author":"Venable J. H.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Venable , J. H. , and R. Goggeshall . 1965 . A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy . J. Cell Biol. 25 : 407 - 408 .","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T17:33:32Z","timestamp":1627580012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.137.1.461-468.1979","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}