{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:47:20Z","timestamp":1761540440298},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The cytoplasmic membrane protein CcdA and its homologues in other species, such as DsbD of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , are thought to supply the reducing equivalents required for the biogenesis of\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochromes that occurs in the periplasm of gram-negative bacteria. CcdA\n            <jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\n            null mutants of the facultative phototroph\n            <jats:italic>Rhodobacter capsulatus<\/jats:italic>\n            are unable to grow under photosynthetic conditions (Ps\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and do not produce any active cytochrome\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            oxidase (Nadi\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ) due to a pleiotropic cytochrome\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            deficiency. However, under photosynthetic or respiratory growth conditions, these mutants revert frequently to yield Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Nadi\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            colonies that produce\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochromes despite the absence of CcdA. Complementation of a CcdA-null mutant for the Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            growth phenotype was attempted by using a genomic library constructed with chromosomal DNA from a revertant. No complementation was observed, but plasmids that rescued a CcdA-null mutant for photosynthetic growth by homologous recombination were recovered. Analysis of one such plasmid revealed that the rescue ability was mediated by open reading frame 3149, encoding the dithiol:disulfide oxidoreductase DsbA. DNA sequence data revealed that the\n            <jats:italic>dsbA<\/jats:italic>\n            allele on the rescuing plasmid contained a frameshift mutation expected to produce a truncated, nonfunctional DsbA. Indeed, a\n            <jats:italic>dsbA ccdA<\/jats:italic>\n            double mutant was shown to be Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Nadi\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            , establishing that in\n            <jats:italic>R. capsulatus<\/jats:italic>\n            the inactivation of\n            <jats:italic>dsbA<\/jats:italic>\n            suppresses the\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochrome deficiency due to the absence of\n            <jats:italic>ccdA<\/jats:italic>\n            . Next, the ability of the wild-type\n            <jats:italic>dsbA<\/jats:italic>\n            allele to suppress the Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            growth phenotype of the\n            <jats:italic>dsbA ccdA<\/jats:italic>\n            double mutant was exploited to isolate\n            <jats:italic>dsbA<\/jats:italic>\n            -independent\n            <jats:italic>ccdA<\/jats:italic>\n            revertants. Sequence analysis revealed that these revertants carried mutations in\n            <jats:italic>dsbB<\/jats:italic>\n            and that their Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            phenotypes could be suppressed by the wild-type allele of\n            <jats:italic>dsbB<\/jats:italic>\n            . As with\n            <jats:italic>dsbA<\/jats:italic>\n            , a\n            <jats:italic>dsbB ccdA<\/jats:italic>\n            double mutant was also Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Nadi\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and produced\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochromes. Therefore, the absence of either DsbA or DsbB restores\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochrome biogenesis in the absence of CcdA. Finally, it was also found that the DsbA-null and DsbB-null single mutants of\n            <jats:italic>R. capsulatus<\/jats:italic>\n            are Ps\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and produce\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            -type cytochromes, unlike their\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            counterparts, but are impaired for growth under respiratory conditions. This finding demonstrates that in\n            <jats:italic>R. capsulatus<\/jats:italic>\n            the dithiol:disulfide oxidoreductases DsbA and DsbB are not essential for cytochrome\n            <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n            biogenesis even though they are important for respiration under certain conditions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.185.11.3361-3372.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,16]],"date-time":"2003-05-16T23:10:49Z","timestamp":1053126649000},"page":"3361-3372","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Dithiol:Disulfide Oxidoreductases DsbA and DsbB of\n            <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus<\/i>\n            Are Not Directly Involved in Cytochrome\n            <i>c<\/i>\n            Biogenesis, but Their Inactivation Restores the Cytochrome\n            <i>c<\/i>\n            Biogenesis Defect of CcdA-Null Mutants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Meenal","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Turkarslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}]},{"given":"Donniel","family":"Astor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Valkova-Valchanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}]},{"given":"Fevzi","family":"Daldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Plant Science Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"403","volume":"215","year":"1999","unstructured":"Altschul, S. 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