{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:19:48Z","timestamp":1777511988602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]],"date-time":"1998-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":907200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Candida dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            has been associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates may have been improperly characterized as atypical\n            <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            due to the phenotypic similarity between the two species. Prospective screening of oral rinses from 63 HIV-infected patients detected atypical dark green isolates on CHROMagar Candida compared to typical\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates, which are light green. Forty-eight atypical isolates and three control strains were characterized by germ tube formation, differential growth at 37, 42, and 45\u00b0C, identification by API 20C, fluorescence, chlamydoconidium production, and fingerprinting by Ca3 probe DNA hybridization patterns. All isolates were germ tube positive. Very poor or no growth occurred at 42\u00b0C with 22 of 51 isolates. All 22 poorly growing isolates at 42\u00b0C and one isolate with growth at 42\u00b0C showed weak hybridization of the Ca3 probe with genomic DNA, consistent with\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            identification. No\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolate but only 18 of 28\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates grew at 45\u00b0C. Other phenotypic or morphologic tests were less reliable in differentiating\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            from\n            <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n            . Antifungal susceptibility testing showed fluconazole MICs ranging from \u22640.125 to 64 \u03bcg\/ml. Two isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC, 64 \u03bcg\/ml) and one strain was dose dependent susceptible (MIC, 16 \u03bcg\/ml). MICs of other azoles, including voriconazole, itraconazole, and SCH 56592, for these isolates were lower.\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            was identified in 11 of 63 (17%) serially evaluated patients. Variability in phenotypic characteristics dictates the use of molecular and biochemical techniques to identify\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            . This study identifies\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            in HIV-infected patients from San Antonio, Tex., and shows that\n            <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic>\n            is frequently detected in those patients by using a primary CHROMagar screen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.36.10.3007-3012.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:23:49Z","timestamp":1577813029000},"page":"3007-3012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Detection of\n            <i>Candida dubliniensis<\/i>\n            in Oropharyngeal Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in North America by Primary CHROMagar Candida Screening and Susceptibility Testing of Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}]},{"given":"Sanjay G.","family":"Revankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and"}]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Mcatee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Lopez-Ribot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}]},{"given":"Annette W.","family":"Fothergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and"}]},{"given":"Dora I.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and"}]},{"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Sanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division,3 San Antonio, Texas 78284"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Medicine1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division,3 San Antonio, Texas 78284"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199705000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.5.1216-1223.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1634-1641.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards\nReference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: approved standard. 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