{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:59:44Z","timestamp":1780631984344,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The CagA protein of\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            is an immunogenic antigen of variable size and unknown function that has been associated with increased virulence as well as two mutually exclusive diseases, duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The 3\u2032 region of the\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene contains repeated sequences. To determine whether there are structural changes in the 3\u2032 region of\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            that predict outcome of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            infection, we examined 155\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene-positive\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from Japanese patients including 50 patients with simple gastritis, 40 with gastric ulcer, 35 with duodenal ulcer, and 30 with gastric cancer. The 3\u2032 region of the\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene was amplified by PCR followed by sequencing. CagA proteins were detected by immunoblotting using a polyclonal antibody against recombinant CagA. One hundred forty-five strains yielded PCR products of 642 to 651 bp; 10 strains had products of 756 to 813 bp. The sequence of the 3\u2032 region of the\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene in Japan differs markedly from the primary sequence of\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            genes from Western isolates. Sequence analysis of the PCR products showed four types of primary gene structure (designated types A, B, C, and D) depending on the type and number of repeats. Six of the seven type C strains were found in patients with gastric cancer (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.01 in comparison to noncancer patients). Comparison of type A and type C strains from patients with gastric cancer showed that type C was associated with higher levels of CagA antibody and more severe degrees of atrophy. Differences in\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            genotype may be useful for molecular epidemiology and may provide a marker for differences in virulence among\n            <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            strains.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.36.8.2258-2263.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T17:34:49Z","timestamp":1577813689000},"page":"2258-2263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Variants of the 3\u2032 Region of the\n            <i>cagA<\/i>\n            Gene in\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            Isolates from Patients with Different\n            <i>H. pylori<\/i>\n            -Associated Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602 Japan2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602 Japan2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602 Japan2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Y.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia R.","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2111","article-title":"Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach","volume":"55","author":"Blaser M. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blaser M. J. Perez-Perez G. I. Kleanthous H. Cover T. L. Peek R. M. Chyou P. H. Stemmermann G. N. Nomura A. Infection with Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the stomach.Cancer Res.55199521112115","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.12.5791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.10.967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90938-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70019-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-9-705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare\nMalignant neoplasms of the stomach\n1995\n33\nJapanese Ministry of Health and Welfare\nTokyo Japan"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018846723379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Allelic variation in the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori obtained from Korea compared to the United States","volume":"91","author":"Miehlke S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miehlke S. Kibler K. Kim J. G. Figura N. Small S. M. Graham D. Y. Go M. F. Allelic variation in the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori obtained from Korea compared to the United States.Am. J. Gastroenterol.91199613221325","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1344-1347.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.5.1681-1687.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709025082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.7.1006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1799-1809.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.6.2609-2613.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis","author":"Warren J. R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Warren J. R. Marshall B. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis.Lanceti198312731275","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1619-1629.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.1.94-98.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.4.442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)81370-X","article-title":"Test of the hypothesis that vacA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori correlate with CagA status, cytotoxin production, or clinical outcome","volume":"114","author":"Yamaoka Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamaoka Y. Kodama T. Kita M. Imanishi J. Kashima K. Graham D. Y. Test of the hypothesis that vacA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori correlate with CagA status, cytotoxin production, or clinical outcome.Gastroenterology1141998A338","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)81369-3","article-title":"How good are the serological tests that have been used to make H. pylori-disease associations with CagA or VacA?","volume":"114","author":"Yamaoka Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamaoka Y. Kodama T. Kashima K. Graham D. Y. How good are the serological tests that have been used to make H. pylori-disease associations with CagA or VacA? Gastroenterology 114 1998 A338","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2258-2263.1998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2258-2263.1998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T23:43:19Z","timestamp":1646437399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2258-2263.1998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2258-2263.1998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.36.8.2258-2263.1998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-05-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}