{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:22:47Z","timestamp":1762078967211},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the parasite responsible for quartan malaria, is transmitted in most areas of malaria endemicity and is associated with significant morbidity. The sequence of the gene coding for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) was obtained from field isolates of\n            <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>\n            and from the closely related simian parasite\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium brasilianum<\/jats:italic>\n            . The two sequences were nearly 100% homologous, adding weight to the notion that they represent genetically distinct lines of the same species. A survey of polymorphisms of the\n            <jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic>\n            sequences in 35 isolates of\n            <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>\n            collected from five countries in Asia and Africa revealed a low number of nonsynonymous mutations in five codons. In five of the isolates collected from southeast Asia, a nonsynonymous mutation was found at one of the three positions known to be associated with antifolate resistance in other\n            <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n            species. Five isolates with the wild-type DHFR could be assayed for drug susceptibility in vitro and were found to be sensitive to pyrimethamine (mean 50% inhibitory concentration, 2.24 ng\/ml [95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.1]).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00234-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T01:09:43Z","timestamp":1186448983000},"page":"3523-3530","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Genetic Analysis of the Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate Synthase Gene from Geographically Diverse Isolates of\n            <i>Plasmodium malariae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Naowarat","family":"Tanomsing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Imwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Sasithon","family":"Pukrittayakamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Kesinee","family":"Chotivanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Sornchai","family":"Looareesuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Mayfong","family":"Mayxay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust-Mahosot Hospital-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Collaboration, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Dolecek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}]},{"given":"Tran Tinh","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam"}]},{"given":"Virgilio E.","family":"do Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Mala\u0301ria e outras Doenc\u0327as Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Arez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Mala\u0301ria e outras Doenc\u0327as Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 96, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Michon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Snounou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitologie Compare\u0301e et Mode\u0300les Expe\u0301rimentaux USM0307, CNRS IFR101, Muse\u0301um National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP52, 61 Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P. 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