{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T09:32:01Z","timestamp":1775381521052,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Exposure of\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            to cell wall inhibitors induces massive overexpression of a number of genes, provided that the VraSR two-component sensory regulatory system is intact. Inactivation of\n            <jats:italic>vraS<\/jats:italic>\n            blocks this transcriptional response and also causes a drastic reduction in the levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin. We used an experimental system in which the essential cell wall synthesis gene of\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>pbpB<\/jats:italic>\n            , was put under the control of an isopropyl-\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -thiogalactopyranoside-inducible promoter in order to induce reversible perturbations in cell wall synthesis without the use of any cell wall-active inhibitor. Changes in the level of transcription of\n            <jats:italic>pbpB<\/jats:italic>\n            were rapidly followed by parallel changes in the\n            <jats:italic>vraSR<\/jats:italic>\n            signal, and the abundance of the\n            <jats:italic>pbpB<\/jats:italic>\n            transcript was precisely mirrored by the abundance of the transcripts of\n            <jats:italic>vraSR<\/jats:italic>\n            and some additional genes that belong to the VraSR regulon. Beta-lactam resistance in\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            appears to involve a complex stress response in which VraSR performs the critical role of a sentinel system capable of sensing the perturbation of cell wall synthesis and allowing mobilization of genes that are essential for the generation of a highly resistant phenotype. One of the sites in cell wall synthesis \u201csensed\u201d by the VraSR system appears to be a step catalyzed by PBP 2.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00356-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,27]],"date-time":"2006-09-27T17:13:29Z","timestamp":1159377209000},"page":"3424-3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":174,"title":["Role of VraSR in Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic-Induced Stress Response in\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Gardete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Centre Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tomasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-002-0436-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.5.617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1028","volume":"47","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boyle-Vavra, S., S. Yin, M. Challapalli, and S. R. Daum. 2002. Transcriptional induction of the penicillin-binding protein 2 gene in Staphylococcus aureus by cell wall-active antibiotics oxacillin and vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.47:1028-1036.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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