{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T12:20:02Z","timestamp":1777119602749,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n We characterized the molecular diversity of\n vanA<\/jats:italic>\n vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE; 176 isolates\/87 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types) from different sources and cities in Portugal (1996 to 2004): (i) food animals (FA;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 38 isolates out of 31 samples), hospitalized humans (HH;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 101\/101), healthy human volunteers (HV;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 7\/4), and environmental sources (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30\/10). Some strains were isolated from different hosts and persistently recovered for years. Twenty-four Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n variants were identified, all located on plasmids (30 to 250 kb). Some Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n variants were associated with specific sources such as FA (3 types), HH (11 types), or HV (1 type), while others were recovered from isolates of different origins (8 types). Polymorphisms in the central\n vanRSHA<\/jats:italic>\n region of Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n were scarcely detected, while alterations upstream of\n vanR<\/jats:italic>\n and downstream of\n vanA<\/jats:italic>\n were frequently identified involving mutations (\n vanS<\/jats:italic>\n and\n vanX<\/jats:italic>\n ), deletions (\n vanY<\/jats:italic>\n ), insertions (IS\n 1216V<\/jats:italic>\n , IS\n Ef1<\/jats:italic>\n , and IS\n 19<\/jats:italic>\n ; sequences with or without homology with others available in GenBank databases), and different genetic rearrangements. Most Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n variants contained IS\n 1216V<\/jats:italic>\n (14 types) or IS\n Ef1<\/jats:italic>\n (6 types). IS\n 1216V<\/jats:italic>\n was found alone or associated with an IS\n 3<\/jats:italic>\n -like element at different orientations and positions in Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n from human, animal, and environmental samples. IS\n Ef1<\/jats:italic>\n was located within\n vanX<\/jats:italic>\n -\n vanY<\/jats:italic>\n region at nucleotide 9044 of Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n variants mostly associated with clinical isolates, suggesting a common genetic platform. IS\n 19<\/jats:italic>\n was observed within the\n vanX<\/jats:italic>\n -\n vanY<\/jats:italic>\n region in one Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n variant from poultry. Recent spread of VRE in Portugal reflects a complex epidemiology involving both clonal spread and plasmid dissemination containing a variety of Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n types. Apparent Tn\n 1546<\/jats:italic>\n heterogeneity among enterococci from human, animal, and environmental sources might reflect frequent genetic exchange events and evolution of particular widely disseminated genetic elements.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00999-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T01:43:40Z","timestamp":1199756620000},"page":"1001-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Diversity of Tn\n 1546<\/i>\n and Its Role in the Dissemination of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Novais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, Laborato\u0301rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farma\u0301cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade Cie\u0302ncias da Sau\u0301de, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, Laborato\u0301rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farma\u0301cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joa\u0303o C.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborato\u0301rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade Cie\u0302ncias da Sau\u0301de, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramo\u0301n y Cajal-CIBER-ESP, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Resistencia a Antibio\u0301ticos y Virulencia Bacteriana (RYC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Coque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramo\u0301n y Cajal-CIBER-ESP, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Resistencia a Antibio\u0301ticos y Virulencia Bacteriana (RYC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lui\u0301sa V.","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, Laborato\u0301rio de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farma\u0301cia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.1.117-127.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1995.1220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02239-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2392-2394.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"305","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chandler, M., and J. 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