{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:34:52Z","timestamp":1761129292579,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007214","name":"Velux Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007214","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (group B\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            [GBS]) is a leading cause of sepsis in neonates. The rate of invasive GBS disease in nonpregnant adults also continues to climb. Aminoglycosides alone have little or no effect on GBS, but synergistic killing with penicillin has been shown\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . High-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in GBS isolates, however, leads to the loss of a synergistic effect. We therefore performed a multicenter study to determine the frequency of HLGR GBS isolates and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to gentamicin resistance. From eight centers in four countries, 1,128 invasive and colonizing GBS isolates were pooled and investigated for the presence of HLGR. We identified two strains that displayed HLGR (BSU1203 and BSU452), both of which carried the\n            <jats:italic>aacA-aphD<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, typically conferring HLGR. However, only one strain (BSU1203) also carried the previously described chromosomal gentamicin resistance transposon designated Tn\n            <jats:italic>3706<\/jats:italic>\n            . For the other strain (BSU452), plasmid purification and subsequent DNA sequencing resulted in the detection of plasmid pIP501 carrying a remnant of a Tn\n            <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n            family transposon. Its ability to confer HLGR was proven by transfer into an\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolate. Conversely, loss of HLGR was documented after curing both GBS BSU452 and the transformed\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. faecalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain from the plasmid. This is the first report showing plasmid-mediated HLGR in GBS. Thus, in our clinical GBS isolates, HLGR is mediated both chromosomally and extrachromosomally.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01933-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T01:59:34Z","timestamp":1451959174000},"page":"1702-1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chromosomally and Extrachromosomally Mediated High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Parham","family":"Sendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Bern, and Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Furitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Mauerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Florindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Department of Infectious Diseases, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Shabayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden (Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital), Dresden, Germany"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Spellerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701534517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.19.5.716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.10.2542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.6.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florindo C Damiao V Silvestre I Farinha C Rodrigues F Nogueira F Martins-Pereira F Castro R Borrego MJ Santos-Sanches I. 2014. Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV\/clonal complex 17 clone. Euro Surveill 19(23):pii=20825. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.23.20825.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.23.20825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31822a2a1f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Screening test for detection of high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in Enterococcus species","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2014. 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