{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T21:39:17Z","timestamp":1773869957817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on chloroquine (CQ)-resistant<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:named-content>in Latin America is limited, even with the current research efforts to sustain an efficient malaria control program in all these countries where<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>is endemic and where malaria still is a major public health issue. This study estimated<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>CQ resistance in patients with uncomplicated<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>malaria, with use of CQ and primaquine simultaneously, in the Brazilian Amazon. Of a total of 135 enrolled subjects who accomplished the 28-day follow-up, parasitological failure was observed in 7 (5.2%) patients, in whom plasma CQ and desethylchloroquine (DCQ) concentrations were above 100 ng\/dl. Univariate analysis showed that previous exposure to malaria and a higher initial mean parasitemia were associated with resistance but not with age or gender. In the multivariate analysis, only high initial parasitemia remained significant. Hemoglobin levels were similar at the beginning of the follow-up and were not associated with parasitemia. However, at day 3 and day 7, hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in patients presenting CQ resistance. The<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content><jats:italic>dhfr<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>pvdhfr<\/jats:italic>),<jats:italic>pvmrp1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>pvmdr1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>pvdhps<\/jats:italic>gene mutations were not related to resistance in this small sample.<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. vivax<\/jats:named-content>CQ resistance is already a problem in the Brazilian Amazon, which could be to some extent associated with the simultaneous report of anemia triggered by this parasite, a common complication of the disease in most of the areas of endemicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02279-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T03:36:25Z","timestamp":1383017785000},"page":"342-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Plasmodium vivax Chloroquine Resistance and Anemia in the Western Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marly M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Monica R. F.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Franklin S.","family":"Santana Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L. F.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Belem, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Margareth T. S.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Belem, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Larissa W.","family":"Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Roberto C.","family":"Reyes-Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Wuelton M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Marcus V. G.","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria G. C.","family":"Alecrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70177-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"2012","volume-title":"World malaria report","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO. 2012. World malaria report 2012. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1946.02870290013005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)27798-9","article-title":"The metabolism of chloroquine in man during and after repeated oral dosage","volume":"158","author":"McChesney EW","year":"1967","unstructured":"McChesneyEWFascoMJBanksWFJr. 1967. The metabolism of chloroquine in man during and after repeated oral dosage. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 158:323\u2013331.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Studies in human malaria; the protective and therapeutic action of chloroquine (SN 7618) against St. Elizabeth strain vivax malaria","volume":"49","author":"Coatney GR","year":"1949","unstructured":"CoatneyGRRuheDS. 1949. Studies in human malaria; the protective and therapeutic action of chloroquine (SN 7618) against St. Elizabeth strain vivax malaria. Am. J. Hyg. (Lond.) 49:49\u201359.","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4075-4083.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91792-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.5.1171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125001023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000400020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034980020027960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702003000300002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821999000100013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1307.061386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04556.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90050-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of malaria","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2006. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(99)00097-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)84758-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(96)00011-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01334-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01913120903251643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32832f14c1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00004-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806944200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00578-08"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02279-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.02279-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T18:37:51Z","timestamp":1746038271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.02279-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.02279-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02279-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}