{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T07:17:14Z","timestamp":1776583034941,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Lipids can be anaerobically digested to methane, but methanogens are often considered to be highly sensitive to the long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) deriving from lipids hydrolysis. In this study, the effect of unsaturated (oleate [C\n            <jats:sub>18:1<\/jats:sub>\n            ]) and saturated (stearate [C\n            <jats:sub>18:0<\/jats:sub>\n            ] and palmitate [C\n            <jats:sub>16:0<\/jats:sub>\n            ]) LCFA toward methanogenic archaea was studied in batch enrichments and in pure cultures. Overall, oleate had a more stringent effect on methanogens than saturated LCFA, and the degree of tolerance to LCFA was different among distinct species of methanogens.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Methanobacterium formicicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            was able to grow in both oleate- and palmitate-degrading enrichments (OM and PM cultures, respectively), whereas\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Methanospirillum hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n            only survived in a PM culture. The two acetoclastic methanogens tested,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Methanosarcina mazei<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Methanosaeta concilii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , could be detected in both enrichment cultures, with better survival in PM cultures than in OM cultures. Viability tests using live\/dead staining further confirmed that exponential growth-phase cultures of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n            are more sensitive to oleate than are\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. formicicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            cultures; exposure to 0.5 mM oleate damaged 99% \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 1% of the cell membranes of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n            and 53% \u00ef\u00bf\u00bd 10% of the cell membranes of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. formicicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In terms of methanogenic activity,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. hungatei<\/jats:named-content>\n            was inhibited for 50% by 0.3, 0.4, and 1 mM oleate, stearate, and palmitate, respectively.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. formicicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            was more resilient, since 1 mM oleate and &gt;4 mM stearate or palmitate was needed to cause 50% inhibition on methanogenic activity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00035-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,4]],"date-time":"2013-05-04T03:36:09Z","timestamp":1367638569000},"page":"4239-4245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Activity and Viability of Methanogens in Anaerobic Digestion of Unsaturated and Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Diana Z.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia F.","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdnia","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alfons J. M.","family":"Stams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands"}]},{"given":"M. Madalena","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. 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