{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:58:31Z","timestamp":1767164311560,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microorganisms can account for up to 60% of the fresh weight of marine sponges. Marine sponges have been hypothesized to serve as accumulation spots of particular microbial communities, but it is unknown to what extent these communities are directed by the organism or the site or occur randomly. To address this question, we assessed the composition of specific bacterial communities associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Aplysina fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    , one of the prevalent sponge species inhabiting Brazilian waters. Specimens of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    and surrounding seawater were collected in triplicate in shallow water at two sites, Caboclo Island and Tartaruga beach, B\u00fazios, Brazil. Total community DNA was extracted from the samples using \u201cdirect\u201d and \u201cindirect\u201d approaches. 16S rRNA-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analyses of the total bacterial community and of specific bacterial groups\n                    <jats:italic>\u2014Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed that the structure of these assemblages in\n                    <jats:italic>A. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed drastically from that observed in seawater. The DNA extraction methodology and sampling site were determinative for the composition of actinobacterial communities in\n                    <jats:italic>A. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, no such effects could be gleaned from total bacterial and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    PCR-DGGE profiles. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from directly and indirectly extracted DNA did not differ significantly with respect to diversity and composition. Altogether, the libraries encompassed 15 bacterial phyla and the candidate division TM7. Clone sequences affiliated with the\n                    <jats:italic>Cyanobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Chloroflexi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Gamma<\/jats:italic>\n                    - and\n                    <jats:italic>Alphaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Acidobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    were, in this order, most abundant. The bacterial communities associated with the\n                    <jats:italic>A. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimens were distinct and differed from those described in studies of sponge-associated microbiota performed with other sponge species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02101-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T21:10:10Z","timestamp":1237583410000},"page":"3331-3343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Diversity of Bacteria in the Marine Sponge\n                    <i>Aplysina fulva<\/i>\n                    in Brazilian Coastal Waters"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"C. C. P.","family":"Hardoim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Groningen 9751 NN, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, Groningen 9751 NN, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR-CIMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F. V.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Professores, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Francisco Portela 1470, Patronato, S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 24435-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hajdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Por\u00edfera, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s\/n, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 20940-040, Brazil"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Lins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Ultraestrutura de Procariotos, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Bloco I Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Ilha do Fund\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21.941-590, Brazil"}]},{"given":"A. 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