{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T19:14:33Z","timestamp":1769022873860,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Encephalitozoon intestinalis<\/jats:italic>is responsible for intestinal disease in patients with AIDS and immunocompetent patients. The infectious form is a small spore that is resistant to water treatment procedures. Its detection is very important, but detection is very cumbersome and time-consuming. Our main objective was to develop and optimize a specific flow cytometric (FC) protocol for the detection of<jats:italic>E. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>in hospital tap water and human feces. To determine the optimal specific antibody (Microspor-FA) concentration, a known concentration of<jats:italic>E. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>spores (Waterborne, Inc.) was suspended in hospital tap water and stool specimens with different concentrations of Microspor-FA, and the tap water and stool specimens were incubated under different conditions. The sensitivity limit and specificity were also evaluated. To study spore infectivity, double staining with propidium iodide (PI) and Microspor-FA was undertaken. Distinct approaches for filtration and centrifugation of the stool specimens were used.<jats:italic>E. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>spores stained with 10 \u03bcg\/ml of Microspor-FA at 25\u00b0C overnight provided the best results. The detection limit was 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>spores\/ml, and good specificity was demonstrated. Simultaneous staining with Microspor-FA and PI ensured that the<jats:italic>E. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>spores were dead and therefore noninfectious. With the stool specimens, better spore recovery was observed with a saturated solution of NaCl and centrifugation at 1,500 \u00d7<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>for 15 min. A new approach for the detection of<jats:italic>E. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>from tap water or human feces that ensures that the spores are not viable is now available and represents an important step for the prevention of this threat to public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cvi.00031-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T00:44:43Z","timestamp":1242261883000},"page":"1021-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cytometric Approach for Detection of<i>Encephalitozoon intestinalis<\/i>, an Emergent Agent"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sau\u0301de Jean Piaget, Vila Nova Gaia"},{"name":"Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Aca\u0301cio Gonc\u0327alves","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sau\u0301de Jean Piaget, Vila Nova Gaia"},{"name":"Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cida\u0301lia","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Sau\u0301de Jean Piaget, Vila Nova Gaia"},{"name":"Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital S. Joa\u0303o, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1715-1718.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2008.01.004","volume":"6","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barbosa, J., S. Costa-de-Oliveira, A. G. Rodrigues, and C. Pina-Vaz. 2008. 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