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Despite evidence of Th1-mediated protective immunity,\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            infection has been associated with systemic immunosuppression. We show that early during mouse infection with either mycolactone-positive or negative strains, pathogen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3)-producing T cells developed in the draining lymph node (DLN). CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            cells migrated to the infection foci, but progressive infection with virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            led to the local depletion of recruited cells. Moreover, dissemination of virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            to the DLN was accompanied by extensive DLN apoptotic cytopathology, leading to depletion of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells and abrogation of IFN-\u03b3 expression. Advanced footpad infection with virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            did not induce increased susceptibility to systemic coinfection by\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            . These results show that infection with\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            efficiently triggers a mycobacterium-specific T-cell response in the DLN and that progression of infection with highly virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            leads to a local and regional suppression of that immune response, but without induction of systemic immunosuppression. These results suggest that prophylactic and\/or therapeutic interventions to prevent dissemination of\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            to DLN during the early phase of infection would contribute for the maintenance of protective immunity and disease control.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00820-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T04:14:26Z","timestamp":1288066466000},"page":"421-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium<\/i>\n            <i>ulcerans<\/i>\n            Triggers T-Cell Immunity followed by Local and Regional but Not Systemic Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Alexandra G.","family":"Fraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Egi\u0301dio","family":"Torrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Wayne M.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327oise","family":"Portaels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteriology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Manuel T.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anto\u0301nio G.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/adpa.2000.19372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-3274(03)00050-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"86","volume":"39","year":"2005","unstructured":"Addo, P., E. 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