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Recently,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Desulfovibrio<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. have been implicated in gastrointestinal diseases and shown to stimulate the epithelial immune response, leading to increased production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Activated macrophages are key cells of the immune system that impose nitrosative stress during phagocytosis. Hence, we have analyzed the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            responses of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Desulfovibrio vulgaris<\/jats:named-content>\n            Hildenborough to nitric oxide (NO) and the role of the hybrid cluster proteins (HCP1 and HCP2) and rubredoxin oxygen oxidoreductases (ROO1 and ROO2) in NO protection. Among the four genes,\n            <jats:italic>hcp2<\/jats:italic>\n            was the gene most highly induced by NO, and the\n            <jats:italic>hcp2<\/jats:italic>\n            transposon mutant exhibited the lowest viability under conditions of NO stress. Studies in murine macrophages revealed that\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">D. vulgaris<\/jats:named-content>\n            survives incubation with these phagocytes and triggers NO production at levels similar to those stimulated by the cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3). Furthermore,\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">D. vulgaris<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>hcp<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>roo<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants exhibited reduced viability when incubated with macrophages, revealing that these gene products contribute to the survival of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">D. vulgaris<\/jats:named-content>\n            during macrophage infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00074-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,6]],"date-time":"2013-04-06T04:37:25Z","timestamp":1365223045000},"page":"2684-2690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hybrid Cluster Proteins and Flavodiiron Proteins Afford Protection to Desulfovibrio vulgaris upon Macrophage Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Mafalda C. 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