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Five regulatory genes encoding<jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>antibiotic regulatory proteins (<jats:italic>alpV<\/jats:italic>, previously shown to be an essential activator gene;<jats:italic>alpT<\/jats:italic>; and<jats:italic>alpU<\/jats:italic>) and TetR family receptors (<jats:italic>alpZ<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>alpW<\/jats:italic>) were detected in this cluster. Here, we demonstrate that AlpZ, which shows high similarity to \u03b3-butyrolactone receptors, is at the top of a pathway-specific regulatory hierarchy that prevents synthesis of the<jats:italic>alp<\/jats:italic>polyketide products. Deletion of the two copies of<jats:italic>alpZ<\/jats:italic>resulted in the precocious production of both alpomycin and the orange pigment, suggesting a repressor role for AlpZ. Consistent with this, expression of the five<jats:italic>alp<\/jats:italic>-located regulatory genes and of two representative biosynthetic structural genes (<jats:italic>alpA<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>alpR<\/jats:italic>) was induced earlier in the<jats:italic>alpZ<\/jats:italic>deletion strain. Furthermore, recombinant AlpZ was shown to bind to specific DNA sequences within the promoter regions of<jats:italic>alpZ<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>alpV<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>alpXW<\/jats:italic>, suggesting direct transcriptional control of these genes by AlpZ. Analysis of solvent extracts of<jats:italic>S. ambofaciens<\/jats:italic>cultures identified the existence of a factor which induces precocious production of alpomycin and pigment in the wild-type strain and which can disrupt the binding of AlpZ to its DNA targets. This activity is reminiscent of \u03b3-butyrolactone-type molecules. However, the AlpZ-interacting molecule(s) was shown to be resistant to an alkali treatment capable of inactivating \u03b3-butyrolactones, suggesting that the AlpZ ligand(s) does not possess a lactone functional group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.01989-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,23]],"date-time":"2008-02-23T01:54:34Z","timestamp":1203731674000},"page":"3293-3305","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Regulation of the Synthesis of the Angucyclinone Antibiotic Alpomycin in<i>Streptomyces ambofaciens<\/i>by the Autoregulator Receptor AlpZ and Its Specific Ligand"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Bunet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]},{"given":"Marta V.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Rouhier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions Arbres\/Micro-organismes, UMR INRA-UHP 1136, IFR 110, Faculte\u0301 des Sciences et Techniques, Nancy Universite\u0301, Vand\u0153uvre-le\u0300s-Nancy, France"}]},{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Hotel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Leblond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Aigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, UMR INRA-UHP 1128, IFR 110"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.7.2491-2500.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.29161-0","volume":"152","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barona-Gomez, F., S. 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