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Primer extension analysis of<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>transcription revealed that a single transcript accumulated from the onset of sporulation onwards, produced from a \u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>-type promoter bearing the TG dinucleotide motif of \u201cextended\u201d \u221210 promoters. No primer extension product was detected in vivo during growth. However, specific runoff products were produced in vitro from the<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>promoter by purified \u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>-containing RNA polymerase (E\u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>), and the in vivo and in vitro transcription start sites were identical. These results suggested that utilization of the<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>promoter by E\u03c3<jats:sup>A<\/jats:sup>during growth was subjected to repression. Studies with a<jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>fusion revealed that the transition-state regulator AbrB repressed the transcription of<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>during growth. This repression was reversed at the onset of sporulation in a Spo0A-dependent manner, but Spo0A did not appear to contribute otherwise to<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>transcription. We found<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>to be required for proper spore morphogenesis. Spores of the<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>mutant showed a reduced outer coat which lacked the characteristic striated pattern, and the outer coat failed to attach to the underlying inner coat. The mutant spores also accumulated reduced levels of dipicolinic acid.<jats:italic>ywcE<\/jats:italic>was also found to be important for spore germination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.187.18.6443-6453.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,2]],"date-time":"2005-09-02T21:57:53Z","timestamp":1125698273000},"page":"6443-6453","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Gene Encoding a Holin-Like Protein Involved in Spore Morphogenesis and Spore Germination in<i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Gonc\u0327alo","family":"Real","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Se\u0301rgio M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ghislain","family":"Schyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adriano O.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qui\u0301mica e Biolo\u0301gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da Repu\u0301blica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles P.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-11-2925","volume":"147","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atrih, A., and S. 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