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Serotypes III (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 118) and Ia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 47) together accounted for nearly 78% of the isolates. All isolates carried an alpha or alpha-like protein gene, and specific associations between genes and serotypes, such as serotype Ib and<jats:italic>bca<\/jats:italic>, serotype II and<jats:italic>bca<\/jats:italic>, serotype III and<jats:italic>rib<\/jats:italic>, and serotype V and<jats:italic>alp3<\/jats:italic>, reflected the presence of particular genetic lineages. Macrolide resistance (14.2%) was significantly associated with serotype V. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) clustering was an excellent predictor of serotype and antibiotic resistance. The combination of PFGE and multilocus sequence typing revealed a large number of genetically distinct lineages. Still, specific lineages were dominant in our collection, particularly the serotype III\/ST17\/<jats:italic>rib<\/jats:italic>lineage, which had enhanced potential to cause LOD. Serotype Ia was concentrated in a single PFGE cluster composed of two genetic lineages: ST23\/<jats:italic>eps<\/jats:italic>and ST24\/<jats:italic>bca<\/jats:italic>. The ST24\/<jats:italic>bca<\/jats:italic>sublineage of serotype Ia, which is found infrequently elsewhere, may be emerging as an important cause of neonatal invasive infections in the Mediterranean region. In spite of the introduction of prophylaxis, resulting in a pronounced decline in the frequency of EOD, the study revealed a remarkably stable clonal structure of GBS causing neonatal infections in Barcelona over a period of 18 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00271-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,23]],"date-time":"2011-06-23T00:16:27Z","timestamp":1308788187000},"page":"2911-2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Group B Streptococci Causing Neonatal Infections in Barcelona Are a Stable Clonal Population: 18-Year Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"E. 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