{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1756242605853,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Microbiol Biol Educ."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Raising citizens\u2019 awareness of the importance of microbiology in everyday life is crucial, especially considering the recent societal challenges such as emerging diseases or antibiotic resistance. Integrating this awareness into secondary education is essential, yet teaching microbiology requires alignment with national curricula. To evaluate how microbiology is incorporated into education, we analyzed and compared the life sciences\/biology curricula of Portuguese, Spanish, and French secondary schools. Our findings reveal significant differences in how microorganisms, their functions, and applications are addressed. We highlight aspects of the Spanish and French curricula that could enhance microbiology education in Portugal, as well as challenges in including microbiology into existing curricula. Additionally, we review the state of the art of microbiology education, including ongoing initiatives aimed at supporting both teachers and students. To strengthen student engagement, we propose stronger collaboration between academia\u2014comprising professors, researchers, and master\u2019s\/PhD students\u2014schools, and science communication institutions. In this context, we present the conceptual framework of the EduBiota program, designed for Portuguese students\/teachers and citizens, with a focus on the human microbiota. The program offers a combination of state-of-the-art knowledge, in-person and online, resources, and mini projects led by university students and researchers, ensuring accessibility and relevance for both schools and the broader community.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.00107-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T13:00:08Z","timestamp":1753362008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From curriculum to engagement: strengthening microbiology education in secondary schools"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0859-8249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lara Raquel Pinto","family":"Amorim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043pwc612","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"name":"IB2Lab-LAQV-REQUIMTE\u2014Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Research Center in Didactics and Technology in Teacher Training","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026pt7089","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro Ci\u00eancia Viva de Vila do Conde","place":["Vila do Conde, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Betina da Silva","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDTFF\u2014Research Center in Didactics and Technology in Teacher Training","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00nt41z93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro","place":["Aveiro, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Raquel Henriques Ramalho","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043pwc612","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026pt7089","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centro Ci\u00eancia Viva de Vila do Conde","place":["Vila do Conde, Portugal"]},{"name":"Biopolis Association-CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources","place":["Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Lopes Vieira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043pwc612","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]},{"name":"IB2Lab-LAQV-REQUIMTE\u2014Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaechter M Kolter R Riley-Buckley MS. 2004. Microbiology in the 409 21st century: where are we and where are we going? Report from a 410 colloquium sponsored by the American academy of microbiology 411 Charleston SC September 5\u20137 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAMCol.5Sept.2003.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAMCol.5Sept.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818272-7.00006-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02635143.2021.1952407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31331-8_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Health risks of food additives - recent developments and trends in food sector","author":"Gholami-Shabani M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholami-Shabani M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. 2023. Food microbiology: application of microorganisms in food industry. In Arshad MS, Khalid W (ed), Health risks of food additives - recent developments and trends in food sector. IntechOpen."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04614-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en15176365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-023-00277-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2023.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-12339-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm9825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30883-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-79058-1.00084-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-021-00179-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.00019-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MA23044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2020-0374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.577501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (DGE). 2018. Aprendizagens essenciais \u2013 Biologia \u2013 12.\u00ba ano. Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Portugu\u00eas. Available from: https:\/\/www.dge.mec.pt\/biologia-ch-ct"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (DGE). 2018. Aprendizagens essenciais \u2013 Biologia e Geologia \u2013 10.\u00ba\/11.\u00ba ano. Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Portugu\u00eas. Available from: https:\/\/www.dge.mec.pt\/biologia-e-geologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Fernandes JPS. 2017. Analysing activities in the Portuguese secondary schools\u2019 science learning studios. Master\u2019s thesis Universidade NOVA de Lisboa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2015.1060755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n Formaci\u00f3n Profesional y Deportes (MEFPD). 2022. Competencias espec\u00edficas criterios de evaluaci\u00f3n y saberes b\u00e1sicos de Biolog\u00eda Geolog\u00eda y Ciencias Ambientales. Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a. Available from: https:\/\/educagob.educacionfpydeportes.gob.es\/curriculo\/curriculo-lomloe\/menu-curriculos-basicos\/bachillerato\/materias\/biologia-geologia-cienciasamb\/desarrollo.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale et de la Jeunesse (MENJ). 2019. Programme de sciences de la vie et de la Terre \u2013 Classe de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Bulletin officiel de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale. Available from: https:\/\/cache.media.education.gouv.fr\/file\/SP1-MEN-22-1-2019\/54\/2\/spe648_annexe_1063542.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9ducation nationale et de la Jeunesse (MENJ). 2019. Programme de sciences de la vie et de la Terre \u2013 Seconde g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et technologique. 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