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We present a simple, fast, and effective method for exploring bacterial behavior within an artificial biofilm model. Through a hands-on activity, bacteria are entrapped in calcium alginate beads to simulate biofilm conditions and then exposed to an antimicrobial. Their viability is compared to that of the same bacteria in the planktonic state. This classroom approach introduces students to the impact of living in a sessile state on bacterial tolerance to antimicrobials, offering valuable insights into how the biofilm structure contributes to antimicrobial tolerance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.00310-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:00:11Z","timestamp":1771509611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A simple alginate bead biofilm model for undergraduate teaching of antimicrobial tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4893-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia Chaves","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037wpkx04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, University of Minho","place":["Braga, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Mariana Silva","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03nf36p02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidade da Beira Interior","place":["Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037wpkx04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar","place":["Braga, Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-4398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043pwc612","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"LEPABE, ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto","place":["Porto, Portugal"]}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00306-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00251-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2011.626899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2024.101124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Brock biology of microorganisms","author":"Madigan MT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Madigan MT, Bender KS, Buckley DH, Sattley WM, Stahl DA. 2020. 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