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To identify cells supporting primary MV infection, we took advantage of mice expressing the MV receptor human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, CD150) with human-like tissue specificity. We infected these mice intranasally (IN) with a wild-type MV expressing green fluorescent protein. One, two, or three days after inoculation, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), the lungs, several lymph nodes (LNs), the spleen, and the thymus were collected and analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry, and virus isolation was attempted. One day after inoculation, MV replication was documented only in the airways, in about 2.5% of alveolar macrophages (AM) and 0.5% of dendritic cells (DC). These cells expressed human SLAM, and it was observed that MV infection temporarily enhanced SLAM expression. Later, MV infected other immune cell types, including B and T lymphocytes. Virus was isolated from lymphatic tissue as early as 2 days post-IN inoculation; the mediastinal lymph node was an early site of replication and supported high levels of infection. Three days after intraperitoneal inoculation, 1 to 8% of the mediastinal LN cells were infected. Thus, MV infection of alveolar macrophages and subepithelial dendritic cells in the airways precedes infection of lymphocytes in lymphatic organs of mice expressing human SLAM with human-like tissue specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01559-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,31]],"date-time":"2009-12-31T02:43:48Z","timestamp":1262227428000},"page":"3033-3042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Measles Virus Infection of Alveolar Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Precedes Spread to Lymphatic Organs in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule (SLAM, CD150)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Claudia S. Antunes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Frenzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905"}]},{"given":"Vincent H. J.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905"}]},{"given":"G. Grant","family":"Welstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology\/Pediatrics, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 1X5"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(96)00243-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.9.4036","volume":"158","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aversa, G., C. 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