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Cocci seem to lack a dedicated elongation machinery, and a spherical shape has been considered an evolutionary dead-end morphology, as a transition from a spherical to a rod-like shape has never been observed in bacteria. Here we show that a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            mutant (M5) expressing the\n            <jats:italic>ftsZ<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>G193D<\/jats:sup>\n            allele exhibits elongated cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            studies indicate that FtsZ\n            <jats:sup>G193D<\/jats:sup>\n            filaments are more twisted and shorter than wild-type filaments.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , M5 cell wall deposition is initiated asymmetrically, only on one side of the cell, and progresses into a helical pattern rather than into a constricting ring as in wild-type cells. This helical pattern of wall insertion leads to elongation, as in rod-shaped cells. Thus, structural flexibility of FtsZ filaments can result in an FtsZ-dependent mechanism for generating elongated cells from cocci.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            The mechanisms by which bacteria generate and maintain even the simplest cell shape remain an elusive but fundamental question in microbiology. In the absence of examples of coccus-to-rod transitions, the spherical shape has been suggested to be an evolutionary dead end in morphogenesis. We describe the first observation of the generation of elongated cells from truly spherical cocci, occurring in a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            mutant containing a single point mutation in its genome, in the gene encoding the bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ. We demonstrate that FtsZ-dependent cell elongation is possible, even in the absence of dedicated elongation machinery.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00908-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:43:25Z","timestamp":1473209005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["FtsZ-Dependent Elongation of a Coccoid Bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Hsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Kr\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Andreia C.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France"}]},{"given":"Egbert","family":"Hoiczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Dajkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MICALIS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France"}]},{"given":"Yves V.","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"VanNieuwenhze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 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