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Antimicrobial peptides are increasingly acknowledged as potential treatment tools, as they have a high spectrum of activity, low tendency to induce bacterial resistance, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we show that peptides derived from bovine lactoferricin (LFcin) improve the antimicrobial activity of ethambutol against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:named-content>growing inside macrophages. Moreover, the<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-enantiomer of a short version of lactoferricin containing amino acids 17 to 30 (<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-LFcin17\u201330) causes intramacrophagic death of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. avium<\/jats:named-content>by increasing the formation of lysosomes and autophagosomes. 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