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This research provides an initial characterization of the virulence of the native parasiticide fungus\n              <jats:italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n              (FMV-FR1) and an assessment of its impact on birds\u2019 gut microbes. The genome of this fungus was sequenced to identify the genes coding for virulence factors. Also, this fungus was checked for the phenotypic expression of proteinase, lecithinase, DNase, gelatinase, hemolysin, and biofilm production. Finally, an\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              trial was developed based on feeding\n              <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n              spores to laying hens and peacocks three times a week. Bird feces were collected for 3 months, with total genomic DNA being extracted and subjected to long-read 16S and 25S-28S sequencing. Genes coding for an iron permease (FTR1), iron receptors (FOB1 and FOB2), ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) (ARF2 and ARF6), and a GTPase (CDC42) were identified in this\n              <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n              genome. Also, this fungus was positive only for lecithinase activity. The field trial revealed a fecal microbiome dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in laying hens, and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in peacocks, whereas the fecal mycobiome of both bird species was mainly composed of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes fungi. Bacterial and fungal alpha-diversities did not differ between sampling time points after\n              <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n              administrations (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              = 0.62 and\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              = 0.15, respectively). Although findings from this research suggest the lack of virulence of this\n              <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n              parasiticide isolate, more complementary\n              <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              research is needed to conclude about the safety of its administration to birds, aiming at controlling their GI parasites.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                A previous study revealed that the native\n                <jats:italic>Mucor circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n                isolate (FMV-FR1) can develop parasiticide activity toward coccidia oocysts, one of the most pathogenic GI parasites in birds. However, ensuring its safety for birds is of utmost importance, namely by studying its virulence profile and potential effect on commensal gut microbes. This initial study revealed that although this\n                <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n                isolate had genes coding for four types of virulence factors\u2014iron permease, iron receptors, ADP-ribosylation factors, and GTPase\u2014and only expressed phenotypically the enzyme lecithinase, the administration of its spores to laying hens and peacocks did not interfere with the abundances and diversities of their gut commensal bacteria and fungi. Although overall results suggest the lack of virulence of this\n                <jats:italic>M. circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n                isolate, more complementary research is needed to conclude about the safety of its administration to birds in the scope of parasite biocontrol programs.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04078-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T13:07:39Z","timestamp":1711544859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analyzing the safety of the parasiticide fungus\n            <i>Mucor circinelloides<\/i>\n            : first insights on its virulence profile and interactions with the avian gut microbial community"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-6998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA \u2013 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA \u2013 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exoclinic \u2013 Cl\u00ednica Veterin\u00e1ria de Aves e Ex\u00f3ticos, Miraflores, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castelo de S\u00e3o Jorge, EGEAC \u2013 Empresa de Gest\u00e3o de Equipamentos e Anima\u00e7\u00e3o Cultural, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Castelo de S\u00e3o Jorge, EGEAC \u2013 Empresa de Gest\u00e3o de Equipamentos e Anima\u00e7\u00e3o Cultural, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quinta da Galeana, Ovinos do Futuro, Lda., Nadrupe, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-667X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Madeira de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA \u2013 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Paz-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA \u2013 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"cE3c \u2013 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CHANGE \u2013 Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Fungi: types, environmental impact and role in disease","author":"Madeira de Carvalho L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madeira de Carvalho L, Bernardo F, Paz-Silva A. 2012. The role of fungi in the control of animal parasites - classification, mode of action and practical applications. In Paz-Silva A, V\u00e1zquez M (ed), Fungi: types, environmental impact and role in disease. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5366-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4440-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36120-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Controlo integrado da estrongilidose equina com anti-helm\u00ednticos associados ao fungo Duddingtonia flagrans. Aspectos da sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o em Portugal","volume":"18","author":"Madeira de Carvalho L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madeira de Carvalho L, Serra P, Bernardo F, Agr\u00edcola R, Jorge H, Farrim A, Fazendeiro I, Paz-Silva A. 2011. 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