{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:13:19Z","timestamp":1775016799906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Pleiades Publishing Ltd","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Program Comput Soft"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1134\/s0361768820080241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1608620581000},"page":"584-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Design Guide for Usable Web APIs"],"prefix":"10.1134","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Tello-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. O.","family":"Ochar\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Arriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Lim\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1.J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"137","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.10.014","volume":"100","author":"T. Espinha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Espinha, T., Zaidman, A., and Gross, H.G., Web API growing pains: loosely coupled yet strongly tied, J. Syst. Software, 2015, vol. 100, pp. 27\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2014.10.014","journal-title":"J. Syst. Software"},{"key":"3550_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1134\/S036176881806018X","volume":"44","author":"V.V. Zosimov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zosimov, V.V., Khrystodorov, O.V., and Bulgakova, O.S., Dynamically changing user interfaces: software solutions based on automatically collected user information, Program. Comput. Software, 2018, vol. 44, pp.\u00a0492\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S036176881806018X","journal-title":"Program. Comput. Software"},{"key":"3550_CR3","unstructured":"Biehl, M., API Architecture: the Big Picture for Building APIs, 2015."},{"key":"3550_CR4","unstructured":"Mulloy, B., Web API Design \u2013 Crafting Interfaces That Developers Love, 2012."},{"key":"3550_CR5","unstructured":"Jin, B., Sahni, S., and Shevat, A., Designing Web APIs, 2018."},{"key":"3550_CR6","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 25010:2011: Systems and Software Engineering \u2013 Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) \u2013 System and Software Quality Models, 2011."},{"key":"3550_CR7","unstructured":"Speicher, M., What is usability? a characterization based on ISO 9241-11 and ISO\/IEC 25010, Tech. Rep., Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Department of Computer Science, 2015, no. CSR-15-02."},{"key":"3550_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piccioni, M., Furia, C.A., and Meyer, B., An empirical study of API usability, Proc. ACM\/IEEE Int. Symp. on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Baltimore, 2013, pp. 5\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ESEM.2013.14","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2013.14"},{"key":"3550_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerken, J., Jetter, H.-C., Z\u00f6llner, M., Mader, M., and Reiterer, H., The concept maps method as a tool to evaluate the usability of APIs, Proc. 2011 Annu. Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI\u201911, Vancouver, 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1978942.1979445","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979445"},{"key":"3550_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1145\/1506409.1506424","volume":"52","author":"M. Henning","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henning, M., API design matters, Commun. ACM, 2009, vol. 52, pp. 46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1506409.1506424","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"3550_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1145\/2896587","volume":"59","author":"B.A. Myers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myers, B.A. and Stylos, J., Improving API usability, Commun. ACM, 2016, vol. 59, pp. 62\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2896587","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"3550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zibran, M.F., Eishita, F.Z., and Roy, C.K., Useful, but usable? Factors affecting the usability of APIs, Proc. Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering WCRE 2011, Limerick, 2011, pp. 151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WCRE.2011.26","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2011.26"},{"key":"3550_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhaskar, R.K., Anslow, C., Brosz, J., and Maurer, F., Developing usable APIs with XP and cognitive dimensions, Proc. IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL\/HCC), Cambridge, 2016, pp. 101\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VLHCC.2016.7739671","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2016.7739671"},{"key":"3550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302","volume":"24","author":"K. Peffers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M.A., and Chatterjee, S., A design science research methodology for information systems research, J. Manag. Inf. Syst., 2007, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 45\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240302","journal-title":"J. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"3550_CR15","first-page":"36","volume":"25","author":"M. Tello-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tello-Rodr\u00edguez, M., Ochar\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.O., P\u00e9rez-Arriaga, J.C., Estad\u00edstica, and F. De, Veracruzana, U., Hacia una gu\u00eda de dise\u00f1o para APIs Web con un enfoque en la usabilidad Towards a design guide for Web APIs with a focus on usability, Abstr. Appl., 2019, vol. 25, pp. 36\u201360.","journal-title":"Abstr. Appl."},{"key":"3550_CR16","volume-title":"Irresistible APIs, Designing Web APIs That Developers Will Love","author":"K.L. Hunter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hunter, K.L., Irresistible APIs, Designing Web APIs That Developers Will Love, Manning Publ., 2017."},{"key":"3550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1134\/S036176881901002X","volume":"44","author":"A.M. Eassa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eassa, A.M., Elhoseny, M., El-Bakry, H.M., and Salama, A.S., NoSQL injection attack detection in web applications using RESTful service, Program. Comput. Software, 2018, vol. 44, pp. 435\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S036176881901002X","journal-title":"Program. Comput. Software"},{"key":"3550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stylos, J., Graf, B., Busse, D.K., Ziegler, C., Ehret, R., and Karstens, J., A case study of API redesign for improved usability, Proc. IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing VL\/HCC 2008, Ammersee, 2008, pp. 189\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VLHCC.2008.4639083","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2008.4639083"},{"key":"3550_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, S., Lee, S., Lim, S., Jung, J., Choi, S., Kim, N., and Lee, J.B., An API design process in terms of usability: a case study on building more usable apis for smart TV platform, Proc. 38th IEEE Annu. Int. Computers, Software and Applications Conf. Workshops COMPSACW 2014, Vasteras, 2014, pp. 567\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMPSACW.2014.95","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSACW.2014.95"},{"key":"3550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, L., Poon, S., Hendrix, V., Gunter, D., Pastorello, G.Z., and Agarwal, D., Experiences with user-centered design for the tigres workflow API, Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Conf. eScience 2014, Guaruj\u00e1, 2014, vol. 1, pp. 290\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/eScience.2014.56","DOI":"10.1109\/eScience.2014.56"},{"key":"3550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-010-9150-8","volume":"16","author":"M.P. Robillard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robillard, M.P. and Deline, R., A field study of API learning obstacles, Empirical Software Eng, 2011, vol.\u00a016, pp. 703\u2013732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10664-010-9150-8","journal-title":"Empirical Software Eng"},{"key":"3550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watson, R., Applying the cognitive dimensions of API usability to improve API documentation planning, Proc. 32nd ACM Int. Conf. on Design of Communication SIGDOC\u201914, Colorado Springs, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2666216.2666239","DOI":"10.1145\/2666216.2666239"},{"key":"3550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sohan, S.M., Maurer, F., Anslow, C., and Robillard, M.P., A study of the effectiveness of usage examples in REST API documentation, Proc. IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing VL\/HCC 2017, Raleigh, 2017, pp. 53\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VLHCC.2017.8103450","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2017.8103450"},{"key":"3550_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macvean, A., Maly, M., and Daughtry, J., API design reviews at scale, Proc. CHI Conf. Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI EA\u201916, San Jose, 2016, pp. 849\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2851581.2851602","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2851602"},{"key":"3550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2009.193","volume":"26","author":"M.P. Robillard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robillard, M.P., What makes APIs hard to learn? Answers from developers, IEEE Software, 2009, vol. 26, pp. 27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2009.193","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"3550_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Munir, M.B. and Mushtaq, A., A framework for extending usability engineering: API usability essentials: extending usability via component-based platform, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Open Systems ICOS 2012, Kuala Lumpur, 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICOS.2012.6417654","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOS.2012.6417654"},{"key":"3550_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.03.006.1","volume":"52","author":"B. Kitchenham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B., Pretorius, R., Budgen, D., Brereton, O.P., Turner, M., Niazi, M., and Linkman, S., Systematic literature reviews in software engineering \u2013 a tertiary study, Inf. Software Technol., 2010, vol. 52, no. 8, pp.\u00a0792\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.03.006.1","journal-title":"Inf. Software Technol."},{"key":"3550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-6988.2004.00008.x","volume":"2","author":"A. Pearson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pearson, A., Balancing the evidence: incorporating the synthesis of qualitative data into systematic reviews, JBI Rep., 2004, vol. 2, pp. 45\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-6988.2004.00008.x","journal-title":"JBI Rep."},{"key":"3550_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stylos, J. and Myers, B.A., The implications of method placement on API learnability, Proc. 16th ACM SIGSOFT Int. Symp. on Foundations of Software Engineering \u2013 SIGSOFT\u201908\/FSE-16, Atlanta, 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1453101.14531173","DOI":"10.1145\/1453101.14531173"},{"key":"3550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, P., The API walkthrough method: a lightweight method for getting early feedback about an API, Proc. Workshop on Evaluation and Usability of Programming Languages and Tools (PLATEAU), Reno\/Tahoe, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1937117.1937122","DOI":"10.1145\/1937117.1937122"},{"key":"3550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farooq, U., Welicki, L., and Zirkler, D., API peer reviews: a method for evaluating usability of application programming interfaces, Proc. 2010 ACM Conf. on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Savannah, 2010, pp. 207\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1718918.1718957","DOI":"10.1145\/1718918.1718957"},{"key":"3550_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitra, R., Rapido: a sketching tool for web API designers, Proc. WWW 2015 Companion, Florence, May 18\u201322, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2740908.2743040","DOI":"10.1145\/2740908.2743040"},{"key":"3550_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murphy-Hill, E., Sadowski, C., Head, A., Daughtry, J., Macvean, A., Jaspan, C., and Winter, C., Discovering API usability problems at scale, Proc. IEEE\/ACM 2nd Int. Workshop on API Usage and Evolution (WAPI), Gothenburg, 2018, pp. 14\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3194793.3194795","DOI":"10.1145\/3194793.3194795"},{"key":"3550_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beaton, J.K.K., Myers, B.A.A., Stylos, J., Young, S., Jeong, S.Y., and Xie, Y., Usability evaluation for enterprise SOA APIs, Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop on Systems Development in SOA Environments, Leipzig, 2008, pp.\u00a029\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1370916.1370924","DOI":"10.1145\/1370916.1370924"},{"key":"3550_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zghidi, A., Hammouda, I., and Hnich, B., Poster: towards a formal API assessment, Proc. 40th IEEE\/ACM Int. Conf. on Software Engineering: Companion (ICSE-Companion), Gothenburg, 2018, pp. 398\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3183440.3195026","DOI":"10.1145\/3183440.3195026"},{"key":"3550_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.01.009","volume":"61","author":"T. Scheller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scheller, T. and K\u00fchn, E., Automated measurement of API usability: the API concepts framework, Inf. Software Technol., 2015, vol. 61, pp. 145\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.01.009","journal-title":"Inf. Software Technol."},{"key":"3550_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3729-z","volume":"76","author":"L. L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez, L., Garc\u00eda, B., Gallego, M., and Gort\u00e1zar, F., Designing and evaluating the usability of an API for real-time multimedia services in the Internet, Multimedia Tools Appl., 2017, vol. 76, pp. 14247\u201314304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3729-z","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"3550_CR38","unstructured":"CA technologies: Arquitectura y estrategia de API: Un enfoque coordinado, 2015."},{"key":"3550_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3362\/9781780449357","volume-title":"Software Requirements","author":"K. Wiegers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiegers, K. and Beatty, J., Software Requirements, 3rd ed., 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3362\/9781780449357"},{"key":"3550_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.12.010","volume":"97","author":"E. Mosqueira-Rey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mosqueira-Rey, E., Alonso-R\u00edos, D., Moret-Bonillo, V., Fern\u00e1ndez-Varela, I., and \u00c1lvarez-Est\u00e9vez, D., A systematic approach to API usability: taxonomy-derived criteria and a case study, Inf. Software Technol., 2018, vol. 97, pp. 46\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.12.010","journal-title":"Inf. Software Technol."},{"key":"3550_CR41","volume-title":"The Design of Web APIs","author":"A. Lauret","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lauret, A., The Design of Web APIs, Manning Publ., 2019."},{"key":"3550_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15114-9_3","volume-title":"REST in Practice: Hypermedia and Systems Architecture","author":"J. Webber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Webber, J., Parastatidis, S., and Robinson, I., REST in Practice: Hypermedia and Systems Architecture, O\u2019Reilly Media Inc., 2010."}],"container-title":["Programming and Computer Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1134\/S0361768820080241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S0361768820080241","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1134\/S0361768820080241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:39:41Z","timestamp":1775011181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1134\/S0361768820080241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0361768820080241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-7688","1608-3261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-7688","type":"print"},{"value":"1608-3261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}