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It is hypothesized that vulnerabilities to AD may be influenced by anatomical and functional brain parameters formed early in life. This is supported by our research on the senescence-accelerated OXYS rats \u2013 a unique model of AD. The delayed brain maturation observed in these rats is associated with insufficient glial support, a key regulator of neural network function, and the development of AD signs in the OXYS rats is preceded and accompanied by the mitochondrial dysfunction. This raises the question of whether the structural and functional features of mitochondria could influence brain maturation and thus determine predisposition to the later development of AD signs. In this study, we compared mitochondrial biogenesis, their trafficking, and structural state in the neuronal cell bodies, axonal and dendritic processes, as well as activity of the mitochondrial dynamics processes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of OXYS and Wistar rats (control) during the period of brain maturation completion (from birth to 20 days of age). Changes in the number and ultrastructural parameters of mitochondria were compared with the parameters of dynamics processes, assessed by the frequency of mitochondria undergoing fusion or fission, the content of the key biogenesis protein PGC-1\u03b1, and proteins mediating mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2, dynamin-1-like protein DRP1). In OXYS rats, deviations in formation of the mitochondrial apparatus in the early postnatal period were identified, which may contribute to the delayed brain maturation of these rats, promote mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce synaptic density, and ultimately lead to the neuronal death and development of the early neurodegenerative changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1134\/s0006297925602874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T13:16:21Z","timestamp":1766495781000},"page":"2027-2040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondria in Developing Brain: Contribution of Deviations to Higher Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration in Latter Periods of Life"],"prefix":"10.1134","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Stefanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Muraleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana V.","family":"Sityaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail A.","family":"Tyumentsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataliya G.","family":"Kolosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"137","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2960_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0188-8","volume":"8","author":"M. 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Rep."}],"container-title":["Biochemistry (Moscow)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1134\/S0006297925602874.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S0006297925602874","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1134\/S0006297925602874.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:20:50Z","timestamp":1773620450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1134\/S0006297925602874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/s0006297925602874","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2979","1608-3040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2979","type":"print"},{"value":"1608-3040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate.\n                      The study was conducted on OXYS and Wistar rats (control strain) at the Shared Research Facility \u201cVivarium of Conventional Animals\u201d of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Maintenance of animals (including appropriate facilities, qualified personnel, and necessary documentation) and all experiments with animals were carried out in accordance with the position on the ethics of using animals in research supported by the Russian Science Foundation, as well as in accordance with Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union of September 22, 2010, and approved by the Bioethics Commission of ICG SB RAS (no.\u00a085\/1 dated 18.06.2021).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declarations"}},{"value":"Conflict of interest.\n                      The authors of this work declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declarations"}}]}}