{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:35:33Z","timestamp":1775032533599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Am Med Inform Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T04:41:11Z","timestamp":1305866471000},"page":"588-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hybrid methods for improving information access in clinical documents: concept, assertion, and relation identification"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anne-Lyse","family":"Minard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Ligozat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Ben Abacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cartoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Del\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Rosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Zweigenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Grouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2009.07.007"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.2","unstructured":"Long W . Lessons extracting diseases from discharge summaries. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2007:478\u201382."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634579","article-title":"Medical language processing: applications to patient data representation and automatic encoding","volume":"34","author":"Sager","year":"1995","journal-title":"Meth Inform Med"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.229.09sag","article-title":"The computability of strings, transformations, and sublanguage","volume-title":"The Legacy of Zellig Harris\u2014Language and Information into the 21st century: Computability of Language and Computer Applications","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Sager","year":"2002"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/jbin.2001.1029","article-title":"A Simple algorithm for identifying negated findings and diseases in discharge summaries","volume":"2001","author":"Chapman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.6","unstructured":"Light M Qiu XY Srinivasan P . The language of bioscience: facts, speculations, and statements in between. In: Hirschman L Pustejovsky J , eds. HLT-NAACL 2004 Workshop: BioLINK 2004, Linking Biological Literature, Ontologies and Databases. Boston, MA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2004:17\u201324."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.7","unstructured":"Chapman W Dowling J Chu D . ConText: an algorithm for identifying contextual features from clinical text. In: Biological, Translational, and Clinical Language Processing. Prague, Czech Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007:81\u20138."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilicoglu H Bergler S . Syntactic dependency based heuristics for biological event extraction. In: BioNLP'09: Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP. Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009:119\u201327.","DOI":"10.3115\/1572340.1572361"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2950"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.003939"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1552"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2006.02.001"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3414\/ME0508","article-title":"Semantic structuring of and information extraction from medical documents using the UMLS","volume":"47","author":"Denecke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meth Inform Med"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634945","article-title":"The unified medical language system","volume":"32","author":"Lindberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Meth Inform Med"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.002733"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.16","unstructured":"Meystre SM Haug PJ . Comparing natural language processing tools to extract medical problems from narrative text. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2005:525\u20139."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meystre SM Savova GK Kipper-Schuler KC . Extracting information from textual documents in the electronic health record: a review of recent research. Yearb Med Inform 2008:128\u201344.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1638592"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.18","unstructured":"Schmid H . Probabilistic part-of-speech tagging using decision trees. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on New Methods in Language Processing. Manchester, UK. 1994:44\u20139."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.19","unstructured":"Kudo T . CRF++: Yet Another CRF Toolkit. http:\/\/crfpp.sourceforge.net\/."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.20","unstructured":"Szarvas G . Hedge classification in biomedical texts with a weakly supervised selection of keywords. In: Proc ACL 2008: HLT. Columbus, Ohio: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2008:281\u20139."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.21","unstructured":"Chang CC Lin CJ . LIBSVM: A Library for Support Vector Machines, 2001. http:\/\/www.csie.ntu.edu.tw\/\u223ccjlin\/libsvm\/."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.22","unstructured":"Lee C Khho C Na J . Automatic identification of treatment relations for medical ontology learning: an exploratory study. In: McIlwaine I , ed. Knowledge Organization and the Global Information Society: Proceedings of the Eight International ISKO Conference. W\u00fcrzburg, Germany: Ergon-Verlag, 2004."},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic extraction of semantic relations between medical entities: application to the treatment relation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium Mining in Biomedicine (SMBM2010)","volume":"714","author":"Ben Abacha","year":"2010"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts A Gaizauskas R Hepple M . Extracting clinical relationships from patient narratives. In: BioNLP2008: Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing. Columbus, OH: Association for Computational Linguistics 2008:10\u201318.","DOI":"10.3115\/1572306.1572309"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou G Su J Zhang J . Exploring various knowledge in relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the ACL. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Computational Linguistics 2005:427\u201334.","DOI":"10.3115\/1219840.1219893"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19437-5_11","article-title":"A hybrid approach for the extraction of semantic relations from MEDLINE abstracts","volume-title":"12th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLING2011)","volume":"6608","author":"Ben Abacha","year":"2011"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-007-9048-2"},{"key":"2016092710140166000_18.5.588.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClosky D Charniak E . Self-training for biomedical parsing. In: Proceedings of ACL 2008: HLT. Columbus, OH. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2008:101\u20134.","DOI":"10.3115\/1557690.1557717"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/18\/5\/588\/5964296\/18-5-588.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T17:54:53Z","timestamp":1741197293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}