{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:58:35Z","timestamp":1778864315515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T03:12:09Z","timestamp":1328843529000},"page":"506-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The impact of PACS on clinician work practices in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Isla M","family":"Hains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna I","family":"Westbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-31070-3_1","article-title":"Introduction","volume-title":"PACS: A Guide to the Digital Revolution","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.06.043","article-title":"The future of PACS in healthcare enterprises","volume":"78","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.03.173","article-title":"Is PACS research and development still necessary?","volume":"1281","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(02)00078-2","article-title":"Enterprise PACS and image distribution","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2008.06.010","article-title":"A PACS maturity model: a systematic meta-analytic review on maturation and evolvability of PACS in the hospital enterprise","volume":"78","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(92)90028-Q","article-title":"Evaluation of PACS-induced organizational change","volume":"30","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Comput"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b7","article-title":"The prophet motive: how PACS was developed and sold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Imaging Economics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.05.031","article-title":"Short history of PACS (Part II: Europe)","volume":"78","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b9","unstructured":"HIMSS Foundation. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems: A 2000\u20132008 Study. 2010. http:\/\/www.himss.org\/foundation\/docs\/PACS_ResearchWhitePaperFinal.pdf?src=pr (accessed 1 Nov 2010)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.05.012","article-title":"PACS and diagnostic imaging service delivery\u2013a UK perspective","volume":"78","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03968.x","article-title":"Will information and communication technology disrupt the health system and deliver on its promise?","volume":"193","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-006-0628-2","article-title":"A balanced evaluation perspective: picture archiving and communication system impacts on hospital workflow","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.12.015","article-title":"Picture archiving and communication systems lead to sustained improvements in reporting times and productivity: results of a 5-year audit","volume":"63","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-007-9006-y","article-title":"A filmless radiology department in a full digital regional hospital: quantitative evaluation of the increased quality and efficiency","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(02)00083-6","article-title":"Filmless radiology at the Baltimore VA Medical Center: a 9 year retrospective","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.03.347","article-title":"An assessment of the effect of the introduction of a PACS and RIS on clinical decision making and patient management at Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane, Australia: Final report-December 2004","volume":"1281","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.72.857.10505012","article-title":"The benefits of hospital-wide picture archiving and communication systems: a survey of clinical users of radiology services","volume":"72","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-008-9160-x","article-title":"Introducing PACS to the late majority. A longitudinal study","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b19","first-page":"180","article-title":"The filmless ICU: introduction of computed radiology and PACS","volume":"16","year":"2000","journal-title":"Care of the Critically Ill"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-001-0004-1","article-title":"Filmless in 60 days: the impact of picture archiving and communications systems within a large urban hospital","volume":"14","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462399015354","article-title":"Examining the influence of picture archiving communication systems and other factors upon the length of stay for patients with total hip and total knee replacements","volume":"15","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-006-1054-1","article-title":"The impact of PACS on radiologists' work practice","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50A","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.3.50a","article-title":"The current applications of PACS to radiology practice","volume":"190","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2009.01.002","article-title":"The impact of a Critical Care Information System (CCIS) on time spent charting and in direct patient care by staff in the ICU: a review of the literature","volume":"78","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604264016","article-title":"Clinical informatics in critical care","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ro.2006.08.002","article-title":"Infection in the intensive care unit: a clinician's view of the role of imaging","volume":"42","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066603251897","article-title":"Radiology in the intensive care unit (Part I)","volume":"18","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2009.10.013","article-title":"Radiographic studies in the critical care environment","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(92)90035-Q","article-title":"PACS clinical experience at Georgetown University","volume":"30","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Comput"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b30","first-page":"31","article-title":"In situ evaluation of physician encounters with a PACS workstation in an MICU","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.4.823","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a radiologic picture archiving and communication system for a coronary care unit","volume":"151","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1996.tb00406.x","article-title":"Initial qualitative evaluation of computed radiography in an intensive care unit","volume":"40","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1108\/02689230210434934","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of a PACS system on an intensive care unit","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Manag Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b34","first-page":"408","article-title":"Extended experience with digital radiography and viewing in an ICU environment","volume-title":"Medical Imaging VI: PACS Design and Evaluation","year":"1992"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168415","article-title":"Physician experience with viewing digital radiographs in an intensive care unit environment","volume":"6","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.199.1.8633138","article-title":"Prospective study of a PACS: information flow and clinical action in a medical intensive care unit","volume":"199","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b37","first-page":"302","article-title":"Prospective comparison of the usage of conventional film and PACS based computed radiography for portable chest x-ray imaging in a medical intensive care unit","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 1995: PACS Design and Evaluation: Engineering and Clinical Issues","year":"1995"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b38","first-page":"481","article-title":"Evaluation of PACS in a medical intensive care unit: the effect of computed radiography","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 1994: PACS: Design and Evaluation","year":"1994"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b39","first-page":"298","article-title":"Image workstation in a medical intensive care unit changes viewing patterns and timing of image-based clinical actions in routine portable chest radiographs","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 1996: PACS Design and Evaluation: Engineering and Clinical Issues","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(00)00154-6","article-title":"The impact of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) upon an intensive care unit","volume":"34","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b41","first-page":"286","article-title":"Impact and utilization studies of a PACS display station in an ICU setting","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 1996: PACS Design and Evaluation: Engineering and Clinical Issues","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b42","first-page":"402","article-title":"Time comparison of ICUs with and without digital viewing systems","volume-title":"Medical Imaging VI: PACS Design and Evaluation","year":"1992"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168416","article-title":"Time comparison of intensive care units with and without digital viewing systems","volume":"6","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b44","first-page":"452","article-title":"Time comparison of a medical intensive care unit before and after installation of a digital viewing station","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 1994: PACS: Design and Evaluation","year":"1994"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200004000-00016","article-title":"A picture archival and communication system shortens delays in obtaining radiographic information in a medical intensive care unit","volume":"28","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1258\/1357633961930077","article-title":"Factors affecting the electronic communication of radiological information to an intensive-care unit","volume":"2","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.1.3420281","article-title":"Effect of a digital imaging network on physician behavior in an intensive care unit","volume":"169","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.1.55","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a medical image management system for chest images","volume":"150","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-8-5","article-title":"Survey of information technology in intensive care units in Ontario, Canada","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jradnu.2006.06.003","article-title":"Introduction to picture archive and communication systems","volume":"25","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Radiol Nurs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/67551353","article-title":"Picture archiving and communication systems: the users' view","volume":"76","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b52","first-page":"123","article-title":"Saving time, improving satisfaction: the impact of a digital radiology system on physician workflow and system efficiency","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Healthc Inf Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5867","article-title":"Novel, portable, cassette-sized, and wireless flat-panel digital radiography system: initial workflow results versus computed radiography","volume":"196","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b54","first-page":"182","article-title":"Radiography for intensive care: participatory process analysis in a PACS equipped and film\/screen environment","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 2002: PACS and Integrated Medical Information Systems: Design and Evaluation","year":"2002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b55","first-page":"397","article-title":"Does PACS facilitate work practice innovation in the intensive care unit?","volume-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform","year":"2011"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.17.3.180","article-title":"The effect of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) on diagnostic performance in the accident and emergency department","volume":"17","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Accid Emerg Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199310000-00010","article-title":"Improving intensive care: observations based on organizational case studies in nine intensive care units: a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"21","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b58","volume-title":"Global Priorities for Patient Safety Research","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0903700501","article-title":"Communication failure in the intensive care unit\u2013learning from a near miss","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3282f1bb0e","article-title":"Communication skills and error in the intensive care unit","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-006-1049-y","article-title":"\u2018Wet reads\u2019 in the age of PACS: technical and workflow considerations for a preliminary report system","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-001-0014-z","article-title":"The pros and cons of implementing PACS and speech recognition systems","volume":"14","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168288","article-title":"Impact of filmless imaging on the frequency of clinician review of radiology images","volume":"11","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.05.008","article-title":"Picture archiving and communication systems: a multicentre survey of users experience and satisfaction","volume":"75","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00134-5","article-title":"A hospital-wide picture archiving and communication system (PACS): the views of users and providers of the radiology service at Hammersmith Hospital","volume":"32","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000387","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000387","article-title":"The impact of eHealth on the quality and safety of health care: a systematic overview","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-002-6006-9","article-title":"Work flow redesign: the key to success when using PACS","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-010-9312-7","article-title":"Initial experience with a handheld device digital imaging and communications in medicine viewer: Osirix mobile on the iPhone","volume":"24","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522123042_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066610387984","article-title":"Computerized physician order entry in the critical care environment: a review of current literature","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T02:05:22Z","timestamp":1593655522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]}}}