{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:20:58Z","timestamp":1775978458224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,22]],"date-time":"2012-07-22T00:45:03Z","timestamp":1342917903000},"page":"95-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reducing patient re-identification risk for laboratory results within research datasets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ravi V","family":"Atreya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua C","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison B","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randolph A","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1258\/095148406776829103","article-title":"Developing the electronic health record: what about patient safety?","volume":"19","author":"Boaden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Serv Manage Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00125","article-title":"Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care","volume":"144","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S1744133105001210","article-title":"Effect of the implementation of an enterprise-wide electronic health record on productivity in the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"1","author":"Evans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Econ Policy Law"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.w5.26","article-title":"E-health: steps on the road to interoperability","author":"James","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b5","first-page":"40","article-title":"Business process optimization for RHIOs","volume":"21","author":"Soti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Healthc Inf Manag"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2273","article-title":"Toward a national framework for the secondary use of health data: an American Medical Informatics Association White Paper","volume":"14","author":"Safran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2905","article-title":"Advancing the framework: use of health data\u2013a report of a working conference of the American Medical Informatics Association","volume":"15","author":"Bloomrosen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.004366","article-title":"Leveraging informatics for genetic studies: use of the electronic medical record to enable a genome-wide association study of peripheral arterial disease","volume":"17","author":"Kullo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1159\/000276767","article-title":"Public and biobank participant attitudes toward genetic research participation and data sharing","volume":"13","author":"Lemke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Genomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.89","article-title":"Development of a large-scale de-identified DNA biobank to enable personalized medicine","volume":"84","author":"Roden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-4-13","article-title":"The eMERGE Network: a consortium of biorepositories linked to electronic medical records data for conducting genomic studies","volume":"4","author":"McCarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b12","unstructured":"The Electronic Medical Records & Genomics (eMERGE) Network. https:\/\/www.mc.vanderbilt.edu\/victr\/dcc\/projects\/acc\/index.php\/Main_Page (accessed 27 Feb 2012)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.11.1399","article-title":"Realizing the promise of genomics in biomedical research","volume":"294","author":"Guttmacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b14","volume-title":"Final NIH Statement On Sharing Research Data","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2003"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b15","volume-title":"Policy for Sharing of Data Obtained in NIH Supported or Conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1007-1181","article-title":"The NCBI dbGaP database of genotypes and phenotypes","volume":"39","author":"Mailman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000439","article-title":"Use of diverse electronic medical record systems to identify genetic risk for type 2 diabetes within a genome-wide association study","volume":"19","author":"Kho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b18","first-page":"8","article-title":"Should we continue to release public-use microdata files? Yes, Yes, Yes!","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Section on Government Statistics, American Statistical Association","author":"Fienberg","year":"1998"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b19","volume-title":"Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, Final Rule. Federal Register, 45 CFR, Parts 160\u20134","author":"Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2360","article-title":"From genetic privacy to open consent","volume":"9","author":"Lunshof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b21","volume-title":"HIPAA Administrative Simplification: Enforcement, Interim Final Rule. Federal Register, 45 CFR, Part 160","author":"Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125339","article-title":"Genetics. No longer de-identified","volume":"312","author":"McGuire","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b23","first-page":"557","article-title":"k-anonymity: a model for protecting privacy","volume":"10","author":"Sweeney","year":"2002","journal-title":"IJUFKS"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/11787006_1","article-title":"Differential privacy","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP)","author":"Dwork","year":"2006"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2716","article-title":"Protecting privacy using k-anonymity","volume":"15","author":"El Emam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147699","article-title":"Ethics. Identifiability in genomic research","volume":"317","author":"Lowrance","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.1997.tb01885.x","article-title":"Weaving technology and policy together to maintain confidentiality","volume":"25","author":"Sweeney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1603","article-title":"An evaluation of the current state of genomic data privacy protection technology and a roadmap for the future","volume":"12","author":"Malin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.000026","article-title":"Evaluating re-identification risks with respect to the HIPAA privacy rule","volume":"17","author":"Benitez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-1042-5","article-title":"Identifiability in biobanks: models, measures, and mitigation strategies","volume":"130","author":"Malin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b31","volume-title":"HIPAA Goes HITECH. University of Houston Health Law Perspectives","author":"Sanger","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b32","volume-title":"Uniqueness of the Simple Demographics of the US Population","author":"Sweeney","year":"2000"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e3181c9b2ea","article-title":"Technical and policy approaches to balancing patient privacy and data sharing in clinical and translational research","volume":"58","author":"Malin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2004.04.005","article-title":"How (not) to protect genomic data privacy in a distributed network: using trail re-identification to evaluate and design anonymity protection systems","volume":"37","author":"Malin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.002725","article-title":"The disclosure of diagnosis codes can breach research participants' privacy","volume":"17","author":"Loukides","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b36","first-page":"782","article-title":"Anonymization of administrative billing codes with repeated diagnoses through censoring","volume":"2010","author":"Tamersoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2185850","article-title":"Anonymization of longitudinal electronic medical records","volume":"16","author":"Tamersoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.47","article-title":"Privacy interests in prescription data, part 2: patient privacy","volume":"7","author":"El Emam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Security Privacy, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b39","first-page":"524","article-title":"Re-identification of familial database records","author":"Malin","year":"2006","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095019","article-title":"Genetics. Genomic research and human subject privacy","volume":"305","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.313.5786.441b","article-title":"Confidentiality in genome research","volume":"313","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-1-32","article-title":"My sister's keeper?: genomic research and the identifiability of siblings","volume":"1","author":"Cassa","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2007.06.008","article-title":"Inferring ancestral origin using a single multiplex assay of ancestry-informative marker SNPs","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.01.012","article-title":"DNA-based prediction of human externally visible characteristics in forensics: motivations, scientific challenges, and ethical considerations","volume":"3","author":"Kayser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.2006.00033.x","article-title":"About face: forensic genetic testing for race and visible traits","volume":"34","author":"Ossorio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Law Med Ethics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b46","unstructured":"Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act\u201442 USC Ch 156. http:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2010-title42\/html\/USCODE-2010-title42-chap156.htm"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0900665","article-title":"Health care and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act","volume":"360","author":"Steinbrook","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b48","first-page":"250","article-title":"Focus on electronic health records. \u2018HIPAA2\u2019 legislation means more delicate handling of data","volume":"16","author":"May","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0901592","article-title":"Stimulating the adoption of health information technology","volume":"360","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NUMA.0000370876.71090.03","article-title":"Revisiting HIPAA","volume":"41","author":"Gallagher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurs Manage"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b51","unstructured":"Domingo-Ferrer J Torra V . Disclosure Control Methods and Information Loss For Microdata. http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.91.1046&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed 27 Mar 2012)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M3144","article-title":"A Globally Optimal K-Anonymity method for the de-identification of health data","volume":"16","author":"El Emam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2004.03.002","article-title":"Medical privacy protection based on granular computing","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b54","volume-title":"Using Targeted Perturbation of Microdata to Protect Against Intelligent Linkage","author":"Elliot","year":"2007"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1920","article-title":"A context-sensitive approach to anonymizing spatial surveillance data: impact on outbreak detection","volume":"13","author":"Cassa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.41.9.1549","article-title":"Accessibility, security, and accuracy in statistical databases: the case for the multiplicative fixed data perturbation approach","volume":"41","author":"Muralidhar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Manag Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b57","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Scenarios of Attack: the Data Intruder's Perspective on Statistical Disclosure Risk","author":"Elliot","year":"1999"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2359","article-title":"Medication administration discrepancies persist despite electronic ordering","volume":"14","author":"FitzHenry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170522084144_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/09332480.2004.10554908","article-title":"Disclosure risk vs. data utility: the R-U confidentiality map as applied to topcoding","volume":"17","author":"Duncan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chance"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/20\/1\/95\/17375127\/20-1-95.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T06:29:53Z","timestamp":1503469793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-974X","1067-5027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}