{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:33:40Z","timestamp":1787506420481,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Am Med Inform Assoc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,18]],"date-time":"2013-05-18T20:39:20Z","timestamp":1368909560000},"page":"867-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A flexible framework for recognizing events, temporal expressions, and temporal relations in clinical text"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kirk","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanda M","family":"Harabagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001628"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-009-9086-z"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.3","unstructured":"Verhagen M Sau\u00edi R Caselli T . James pustejovsky. SemEval-2010 task 13: TempEval-2. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation; 2010:57\u201362."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.4","unstructured":"UzZaman N Llorens H Allen JF . TempEval-3: Evaluating Events, Time Expressions, and Temporal Relations. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics. arXiv.1206.5333v1, 2012."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verhagen M Mani I Saur\u00ed R . Automating temporal annotation with TARSQI. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Demo Session, 2005.","DOI":"10.3115\/1225753.1225774"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethard S Martin JH . CU-TMP: Temporal relation classification using syntactic and semantic Features. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2007:129\u201332.","DOI":"10.3115\/1621474.1621499"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badulescu A Srikanth M . LCC-SRN: LCC's SRN system for semEval 2007 task 4. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2007:215\u201318.","DOI":"10.3115\/1621474.1621519"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng Y Asahara M Matsumoto Y . NAIST.Japan: temporal relation identification using dependency parsed tree. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2007 245\u20138.","DOI":"10.3115\/1621474.1621526"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hepple M Setzer A Gaizauskas R . USFD: preliminary exploration of features and classifiers for the tempEval-2007 task. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2007:438\u201341.","DOI":"10.3115\/1621474.1621572"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.10","unstructured":"Grover C Tobin R Alex B . Edinburgh-LTG: tempEval-2 system description. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2010:333\u20136."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.11","unstructured":"Strotgen J Gertz M . HeidelTime: High quality rule-based extraction and normalization of temporal expressions. 2010:321\u20134."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.12","unstructured":"Kolomiyets O M-F Moens . KUL: recognition and normalization of temporal expressions. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval), Association for Computational Linguistics, Uppsala, Sweden, 2010:325\u20138."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.13","unstructured":"Boro ES . ID 392:TERSEO + T2T3 transducer. A systems for recognizing and normalizing TIMEX3. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation; 2010:317\u201320."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.14","unstructured":"Llorens H Saquete E Navarro B . TIPSem (English and Spanish): evaluating CRFs and semantic roles in TempEval-2. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2010:284\u201391."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.15","unstructured":"UzZaman N Allen J . TRIPS and tRIOS system for TempEval-2: extracting temporal information from text. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2010:276\u201383."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.16","unstructured":"Derczynski L Gaizauskas R . USFD2: annotating temporal expresions and TLINKs for TempEval-2. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2010:337\u201340."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.17","unstructured":"Vicente-D\u00edez MT Moreno-Schneider J Mart\u00b4inez P . UC3M system: determining the extent, type and value of time expressions in TempEval-2. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval); 2010:329\u201332."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.003947"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000203"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000203"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.21","unstructured":"Pustejovsky J Castano J Ingria R . TimeML: Robust specification of event and temporal expressions in text. IWCS-5 Fifth International Workshop on Computational Semantics; 2003."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuruoka Y Tateishi Y Kim J-D . Developing a robust part-of-speech tagger for biomedical text. Proceedings of the 10th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics; 2005:382\u201392.","DOI":"10.1007\/11573036_36"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindberg DA Humphreys BL McCray AT . The Unified Medical Language System. Methods of Information in Medicine. 1993 32:281\u201391.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634945"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strotgen J Gertz M . Multilingual and cross-domain temporal tagging. Lang Resour Eval 2012. http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10579-012-9179-y\/fulltext.html","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-012-9179-y"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.25","unstructured":"A Chang C X Manning D . SUTime: A library for recognizing and normalizing time expressions. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation; 2012."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.26","unstructured":"Christopher Northwood. TERNIP: temporal expression recognition and normalisation in Python [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, 2010."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000152"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.28","unstructured":"Brown PF deSouza PV Mercer RL . Class-based n-gram models of natural language. Comput Linguist 1992;18:467\u201379."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.29","unstructured":"Turian J Ratinov L Bengio Y . Word representations: a simple and general method for semi-supervised learning. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics; 2010:384\u201394."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(94)90127-9"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.31","unstructured":"McCallum AK . MALLET: A Machine Learning for Language Toolkit. 2002. http:\/\/mallet.cs.umass.edu"},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.32","unstructured":"Fan R-E Chang K-W Hsieh C-J . LIBLINEAR: a library for large linear classification. J Mach Learning Res 2008;9:1871\u20134."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.33","unstructured":"Llorens H Derczynski L Gaizauskas R . TIMEN: an open temporal expression normalisation resource. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation; 2012."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.34","unstructured":"de Marneffe M-C MacCartney B Manning C . Generating typed dependency parses from phrase structure parses. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation; 2006."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.35","unstructured":"Naushad N Allen JF . Temporal evaluation. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Short Papers); 2011."},{"key":"2015062501525248000_20.5.867.36","unstructured":"Sarawagi S Cohen WW . Semi-Markov conditional random fields for information extraction. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems; 2004:1185\u201392."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/20\/5\/867\/17374811\/20-5-867.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T19:23:50Z","timestamp":1563045830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}}}