{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T11:57:32Z","timestamp":1771502252508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:54:56Z","timestamp":1372985696000},"page":"31-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["PREDICT-PD: Identifying risk of Parkinson's disease in the community: methods and baseline results"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"Noyce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Bestwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Silveira-Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. H.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nageshwaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341769.50075.bb","article-title":"Incidence and remaining lifetime risk of Parkinson disease in advanced age","volume":"72","author":"Driver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140706.52798.BE","article-title":"Incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in a general population: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"63","author":"de Lau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283","article-title":"Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity","volume":"114","author":"Fearnley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25017","article-title":"Prerequisites to launch neuroprotective trials in Parkinson's disease: an industry perspective","volume":"27","author":"Streffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24985","article-title":"Defining at-risk populations for Parkinson's disease: lessons from ongoing studies","volume":"27","author":"Berg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24892","article-title":"Impaired olfaction and other prodromal features in the Parkinson At-Risk Syndrome study","volume":"27","author":"Siderowf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.141","article-title":"Enlarged substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and risk for Parkinson disease: a 37-month 3-center study of 1847 older persons","volume":"68","author":"Berg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws093","article-title":"How does parkinsonism start? Prodromal parkinsonism motor changes in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder","volume":"135","author":"Postuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20160","article-title":"Idiopathic hyposmia as a preclinical sign of Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Ponsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20141","article-title":"Detection of presymptomatic Parkinson's disease: Combining smell tests, transcranial sonography, and SPECT","volume":"19","author":"Sommer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23687","article-title":"Meta-analysis of early non-motor features & risk factors for Parkinson disease","volume":"72","author":"Noyce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21740","article-title":"The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire\u2014a new diagnostic instrument","volume":"22","author":"Stiasny-Kolster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.5.624","article-title":"Bradykinesia akinesia inco-ordination test (BRAIN TEST): an objective computerised assessment of upper limb motor function","volume":"67","author":"Giovannoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23947","article-title":"The new Bradykinesia Akinesia Incoordination (BRAIN) test: preliminary data from an online test of upper limb movement","volume":"27","author":"Noyce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5","article-title":"Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function","volume":"32","author":"Doty","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.020982","article-title":"Are men at greater risk for Parkinson's disease than women?","volume":"75","author":"Wooten","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.5.436","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"62","author":"Hawkes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.12.005","article-title":"Prevalence of smell loss in Parkinson's disease\u2014a multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Haehner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21076","article-title":"Association of olfactory dysfunction with incidental Lewy bodies","volume":"21","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21291","article-title":"Association of olfactory dysfunction with risk for future Parkinson's disease","volume":"63","author":"Ross","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25087","article-title":"Decreased olfactory bulb volume in idiopathic Parkinson's disease detected by 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"27","author":"Brodoehl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.388","article-title":"Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder","volume":"46","author":"Schenck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70476-8","article-title":"Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study","volume":"5","author":"Iranzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340980.19702.6e","article-title":"Quantifying the risk of neurodegenerative disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"72","author":"Postuma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745","article-title":"The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"51","author":"Gibb","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070203","article-title":"When did Ray Kennedy's Parkinson's disease begin?","volume":"7","author":"Lees","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-28","unstructured":"Milligan C, Passey D (for the Nominet Trust). Ageing and the use of the internet October 2011 [online]. http:\/\/www.nominettrust.org.uk\/ (accessed 23 Oct 2012)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.08.007","article-title":"A timeline for Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Hawkes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24921","article-title":"Lewy pathology and neurodegeneration in premotor Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Del Tredici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T17:52:33Z","timestamp":1601056353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305420","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]]}}}