{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:20:49Z","timestamp":1770430849839,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The role of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (nCPAP) in the management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is not completely defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the benefits and risks of prophylactic nCPAP in infants of 28\u201331 weeks gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold> Seventeen Italian neonatal intensive care units.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Patients:<\/jats:bold> A total of 230 newborns of 28\u201331 weeks gestation, not intubated in the delivery room and without major malformations, were randomly assigned to prophylactic or rescue nCPAP.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Interventions:<\/jats:bold> Prophylactic nCPAP was started within 30 minutes of birth, irrespective of oxygen requirement and clinical status. Rescue nCPAP was started when F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc>\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> requirement was &gt;\u00a00.4, for more than 30 minutes, to maintain transcutaneous oxygen saturation between 93% and 96%. Exogenous surfactant was given when F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc>\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> requirement was &gt;\u00a00.4 in nCPAP in the presence of radiological signs of respiratory distress syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold> Primary end point: need for exogenous surfactant. Secondary end points: need for mechanical ventilation and incidence of air leaks.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Surfactant was needed by 22.6% in the prophylaxis group and 21.7% in the rescue group. Mechanical ventilation was required by 12.2% in both the prophylaxis and rescue group. The incidence of air leaks was 2.6% in both groups. More than 80% of both groups had received prenatal steroids.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> In newborns of 28\u201331 weeks gestation, there is no greater benefit in giving prophylactic nCPAP than in starting nCPAP when the oxygen requirement increases to a F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc>\n                  <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &gt;\u00a00.4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,20]],"date-time":"2004-08-20T16:12:08Z","timestamp":1093018328000},"page":"F394-F398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure in newborns of 28\u201331 weeks gestation: multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Sandri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Ancora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Lanzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Tagliabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Colnaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Gancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G P","family":"Salvioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Orzalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106172842401","volume":"284","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.49.3.228"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.52.1.131","volume":"52","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11520.x","volume":"79","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311603"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.6","first-page":"4","volume":"419","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050620"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.8","first-page":"143","volume":"83","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199609)22:3<188::AID-PPUL8>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050072"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.11","first-page":"304","volume":"197","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.682"},{"key":"2025090514210010000_89.5.F394.13","unstructured":"Subramaniam P , Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG. 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