{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:14:55Z","timestamp":1791159295477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Many children born very preterm have cognitive and minor motor problems later, even if attending mainstream schools.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To examine associations between this suboptimal performance and perinatal and postnatal clinical factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Participants and methods:<\/jats:bold> A geographically determined cohort of 280 infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation in 1991\u201392 in Liverpool, free of major disability and attending mainstream school at 7 years of age. A perinatal and postnatal data set were obtained from the clinical records retrospectively. Measurements of height, weight, and head circumference at 7 years were made, together with assessments of intelligence (Wechsler intelligence scale for children, IQ) and motor impairment (Movement assessment battery for children, MABC).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Multiple regression analysis showed IQ at 7 years to be independently significantly related to gestation, persistence of the arterial duct (PDA), and head circumference at 7 years. MABC was only significantly related to gestation. PDA was related to periventricular haemorrhage (OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 5.8) and parenchymal lesions including ventriculomegaly (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 11.4).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Cognitive ability in children born preterm is significantly related to gestation, but may also be related to the effects of PDA on early brain development, through either periventricular haemorrhage\/ventriculomegaly or other disturbance of early brain growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.059188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,22]],"date-time":"2004-12-22T04:15:00Z","timestamp":1103688900000},"page":"F60-F63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Perinatal and postnatal factors in very preterm infants and subsequent cognitive and motor abilities"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"R W I","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.1","first-page":"295","volume":"63","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.72.1.F62"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb12325.x","volume":"40","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01612.x"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.75.3.F152"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.6","first-page":"248","volume":"15","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.1.1"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.8","unstructured":"Wechsler D . Wechsler intelligence scale for children. 3rd ed. London: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace and Co, 1992."},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.9","unstructured":"Henderson SE, Sugden DA. Movement ABC. London: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace and Co, 1992."},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.11","unstructured":"Cooke RW. Persistent arterial duct in the preterm infant. In: Anderson RH, Baker EJ, Macartney FJ, et al, eds. Paediatric cardiology. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2002, chapter 25."},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2000.0036"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.3.F188"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.81.1.F15"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442602"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000117843.21534.49"},{"key":"2025090512462516000_90.1.F60.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000091285.84577.4E"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2004.059188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T19:46:34Z","timestamp":1757101594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2004.059188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/adc.2004.059188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2004.059188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]]}}}