{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:10:22Z","timestamp":1777605022593,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Patients living in rural areas may be at a disadvantage in accessing tertiary health care.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold> To test the hypothesis that very premature infants born to mothers residing in rural areas have poorer outcomes than those residing in urban areas in the state of New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) despite a coordinated referral and transport system.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> \u201cRural\u201d or \u201curban\u201d status was based on the location of maternal residence. Perinatal characteristics, major morbidity and case mix adjusted mortality were compared between 1879 rural and 6775 urban infants &lt;32 weeks gestational age, born in 1992\u20132002 and admitted to all 10 neonatal intensive care units in NSW and ACT.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Rural mothers were more likely to be teenaged, indigenous, and to have had a previous premature birth, prolonged ruptured membrane, and antenatal corticosteroid. Urban mothers were more likely to have had assisted conception and a caesarean section. More urban (93% <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 83%) infants were born in a tertiary obstetric hospital. Infants of rural residence had a higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 1.48, p \u200a=\u200a 0.005). This trend was consistently seen in all subgroups and significantly for the tertiary hospital born population and the 30\u201331 weeks gestation subgroup. Regional birth data in this gestational age range also showed a higher stillbirth rate among rural infants (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.32, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Premature births from rural mothers have a higher risk of stillbirth and mortality in neonatal intensive care than urban infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.090670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T20:48:27Z","timestamp":1137790107000},"page":"F251-F256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Does rural or urban residence make a difference to neonatal outcome in premature birth? A regional study in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"M E","family":"Abdel-Latif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bajuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.1","unstructured":"Public Health Division. The health of the people of New South Wales: report of the Chief Health Officer. Sydney: NSW Department of Health, 2002."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.2","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health, Welfare (AIHW). Health in rural and remote Australia. AIHW catalogue no. PHE6. Canberra: AIHW, 1998."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01571.x","volume":"24","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Public Health"},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.4","first-page":"53","volume":"53","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc"},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00187.x"},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.6","unstructured":"ABS. Abs gov.au [homepage on the Internet]. Demography, Australia - 2002 [updated 5 May 2004; cited 6 May 2004]. Sydney: Australian Bureau of Statistics, http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.7","unstructured":"Clarke D, Bladwell W. Neonatal and Paediatric Emergency Transport Services (NETS) teams, are they always available? Proceedings of the 8th Annual Congress of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, Australia. 2004:64."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.8","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council. Clinical practice guidelines: care around preterm birth. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 1997."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.9","unstructured":"Bajuk B. Validation of the neonatal intensive care units\u2019 data collection. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Congress of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra, Australia. 2001:55."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92296-6"},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.11","unstructured":"Allgood CL, Berry A, Bajuk B. Survival of non-tertiary extremely preterm infants transferred by the New South Wales Neonatal and Paediatric Emergency Transport Services (NETS). Proceedings of the 8th Annual Congress of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, Australia. 2004:62."},{"key":"2025090510355241000_91.4.F251.12","unstructured":"Commonwealth Department of Health, Aged Care, the National Key Centre for Social Applications of Geographical Information Systems (GISCA). Accessibility-Remoteness Index of Australia, Occasional Papers Series no 5. 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