{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T15:58:26Z","timestamp":1770739106036,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To monitor preterm infants in a cot and a car seat and compare an observed car seat trial with polysomnography (PSG).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Non-randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regional neonatal unit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm infants before discharge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nap PSG respiratory and sleep variables were measured including gastro-oesophageal pH. Nurse observations included respiratory distress, apnoea measured by apnoea alarm, oxygen saturation and heart rate. Infants were studied supine in a cot and then in a car seat. Nursing observations were compared with PSG during the car seat trial only. Criteria for failure of the PSG and observed tests were predefined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Difference in respiratory instability between cot and car seat. Concurrence regarding failure of the car seat trial between nurse-observed data and PSG.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>20 infants (median gestation 33 weeks (range 28\u201335 weeks; median postmenstrual age (PMA) at study 36.5 weeks (range 35\u201338 weeks)) were studied. There were sufficient car seat data on 18 infants for comparison. There were fewer central apnoeas and arousals in the cot than the car seat (p\u200a=\u200a0.047 and p\u200a=\u200a0.024, respectively). Airway obstruction was not more common in the car seat. Younger PMA at time of study predicted failure in both car seat (p\u200a=\u200a0.022) and cot (p\u200a=\u200a0.022). The nurse-observed test had low sensitivity for predicting PSG failure but more accurately predicted airway obstruction on PSG.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immature infants exhibit respiratory instability in cots and car seats. A car seat test does not accurately detect all adverse events during sleep in the seat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.109488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T20:34:12Z","timestamp":1175805252000},"page":"F468-F472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Car seat test for preterm infants: comparison with polysomnography"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Dawn E","family":"Elder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letitia","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deidre","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon L","family":"Purdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela J","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.2.336","article-title":"Premature infants in car seats.","volume":"75","author":"Bull","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80317-2"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80854-6"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80379-1","article-title":"Risk of hypoventilation in premature infants in car seats.","volume":"109","author":"Willett","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.5","first-page":"11","article-title":"The physiologic effects of positioning premature infants in car seats.","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1137","article-title":"Monitoring premature infants in car seats: Implementing the American Academy of Pediatrics policy in a community hospital.","volume":"91","author":"Bass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00127.x","article-title":"Premature infants in car seats: effect of sleep state on breathing.","volume":"3","author":"Hertz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1965.tb02528.x"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.9","first-page":"31","article-title":"Premature infants and car seat safety.","volume":"92","author":"Hamelin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can Nurse"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.647"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.11","first-page":"129","article-title":"Monitoring premature babies in car seats: the car seat challenge.","volume":"8","author":"Mullen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.23.4.25","article-title":"The Australian Safe-n-Sound baby safety capsule and its effect on oxygen saturation values in infants ready for discharge home.","volume":"23","author":"Dawson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-28"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200304000-00008","article-title":"Car seat challenges. Where are we in implementation of these programs?","volume":"17","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonat Nurs"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1469"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.24.2.29","article-title":"Car seat safety: literature review.","volume":"24","author":"Lincoln","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.17","first-page":"88","article-title":"NICU graduates: are they safe in the car?","volume":"8","author":"Boyd","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.064295"},{"key":"2025090510261623000_92.6.F468.19","unstructured":"Anders T Emde R Parmelee E . 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