{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:07:19Z","timestamp":1773281239362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been shown to improve the outcome of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, noise generation could be of concern. Therefore, our study was designed to measure the noise levels of various CPAP drivers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit and paediatric critical care unit, we measured the noise level in the oral cavity, using a microphonic probe with a flexible capillary tube. Various CPAP drivers and interfaces have been tested.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>27 measurements were made in eight infants. Mean noise level was 88.6 (SD 18.8) dB and was correlated with flow (p&lt;0.01) but not with pressure. A noise level above 90 dB was detected in 67% of the measurements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>nCPAP drivers are valuable devices for neonatal care that may prevent primary mechanical ventilation or re-intubation, but generate a large amount of noise, often higher than occupational limits accepted for adult workers. Therefore, new devices must be designed to minimise this possible noxious exposure of premature infants to unacceptably high noise levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.129098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]],"date-time":"2007-12-18T22:49:09Z","timestamp":1198018149000},"page":"F132-F134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Noise levels during nCPAP are flow-dependent but not device-dependent"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Donatiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Van Lancker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Chritin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R E","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Rimensberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106172842401","article-title":"Treatment of the idiopathic distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure.","volume":"284","author":"Gregory","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Paoli AG Davis PG Faber B . Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airwas pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002977"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.3.682"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10327"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.4.F315"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.6","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Noise Abatement and Control. Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1974."},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.4.724"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80030-5"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.9","unstructured":"International Eloectrotechnical Commission. Medical electrical equipment. Part 2: Particular requirements for safety of baby incubators. http:\/\/www.iec.ch"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.65.1.143","article-title":"Noise and hypoxemia in the intensive care nursery.","volume":"65","author":"Long","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.11","first-page":"179","article-title":"Response of premature infants to routine nursing interventions and noise in the NICU.","volume":"44","author":"Zahr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00363.x"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91088-6","article-title":"Effect of incubator noise on the cochlea of the newborn.","volume":"2","author":"Douek","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000013844"},{"key":"2025090511312991000_93.2.F132.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.1026"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2007.129098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:53:24Z","timestamp":1757098404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2007.129098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/adc.2007.129098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2007.129098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]]}}}