{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:58:25Z","timestamp":1790089105891,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the mortality rates of liveborn twins compared with singletons of less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation in relation to gestational age, mode of delivery and year of birth in a geographically defined population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Comparison of early neonatal, late neonatal and infant death rates in 479 twin babies and 1538 singletons, liveborn between 23 and 29 completed weeks of gestation in the north of England over two epochs, 1998\u20132001 and 2002\u20135.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twins and singletons had similar mortality rates except at the extreme of gestation (23\u201325 weeks) where twins had higher infant mortality (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.02). This higher rate was attributable to early and late neonatal deaths (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.72, and 2.11, 95% CI 1.13\u20133.94, respectively). When analysed in two epochs, the excess mortality was confined to babies born in 1998\u20132001. There was no effect of gender or chorionicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The excess mortality among twins of less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation was confined to neonatal deaths in babies of 25 weeks or less, and to the earlier epoch (1998\u20132001). In the modern era, there appears to be no excess mortality in neonates less than 30 weeks\u2019 gestation when compared with singletons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.143016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]],"date-time":"2008-10-06T20:33:47Z","timestamp":1223325227000},"page":"F140-F143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mortality of twin and singleton livebirths under 30 weeks\u2019 gestation: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M P Ward","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1375\/183242706779462372","article-title":"The Multiple Pregnancy Register in the North of England: an update and five-year results.","volume":"9","author":"Ward Platt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.2","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Birth Statistics 2004 Series FM1 no.33. http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk\/statbase\/Product.asp?vlnk\u00e2\u0080\u008a=\u00e2\u0080\u008a5768 (accessed 7 Nov 2008)."},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powers WF Kiley JL . The risks confronting twins: a national perspective. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:456\u00e2\u0080\u009361.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70211-X"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953943"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)01111-X"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.6","first-page":"817","article-title":"Perinatal outcome in triplet versus twin gestations.","volume":"75","author":"Sassoon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999408"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.8","first-page":"436","article-title":"A comparison of pre-discharge survival and morbidity in singletons and twin very-low-birth-weight infants.","volume":"80","author":"Wolf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/1369052012759"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90849-2","article-title":"Why do small twins have a lower mortality rate than small singletons?","volume":"168","author":"Buekens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349209007965","article-title":"A registry study of very low birth weight live born infants in Sweden, 1973\u00e2\u0080\u00931988.","volume":"71","author":"Ericson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82015-3"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.040"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00017"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.15","unstructured":"North East Public Health Observatory. Perinatal mortality and morbidity survey. http:\/\/www.nepho.org.uk (accessed 7 Nov 2008)."},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6432.1717"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.17","unstructured":"Northern Regional Maternity Survey Office. Annual report, 2000. Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002."},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.1.F36"},{"key":"2025090509381585000_94.2.F140.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70075-4"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2008.143016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T16:38:27Z","timestamp":1757090307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2008.143016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/adc.2008.143016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2008.143016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,6]]}}}