{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:15:39Z","timestamp":1780330539556,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During proportional assist ventilation (PAV) the timing and frequency of inflations are controlled by the patient and the patient's work of breathing may be relieved by elastic and\/or resistive unloading. It is important and the authors' objective to determine whether ventilators delivering PAV function well in situations mimicking neonatal respiratory conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In vitro laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary neonatal ICU.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dynamic lung models were developed which mimicked respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and meconium aspiration syndrome to assess the performance of the Stephanie\u00ae neonatal ventilator.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effects of elastic and resistive unloading on inflation pressures and airway pressure wave forms and whether increasing unloading was matched by an \u2018inspiratory\u2019 load reduction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During unloading, delivered pressures were between 1 and 4 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O above those expected. Oscillations appeared in the airway pressure wave form when the elastic unloading was greater than 0.5 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\/ml with a low resistance model and 1.5 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\/ml with a high resistance model and when the resistive unloading was greater than 100 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\/l\/s. There was a time lag in the delivery of airway pressure of at least 60 ms, but increasing unloading was matched by an inspiratory load reduction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During PAV, unloading does reduce inspiratory load, but there are wave form abnormalities and a time lag in delivery of the inflation pressure. The impact of these problems needs careful evaluation in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.170787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]],"date-time":"2010-06-07T23:32:29Z","timestamp":1275953549000},"page":"F331-F337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In vitro assessment of proportional assist ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Deena-Shefali","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrard F","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony D","family":"Milner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090509380681000_95.5.F331.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"2025090509380681000_95.5.F331.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenough A Dimitriou G Prendergast M . 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