{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:43:57Z","timestamp":1791420237303,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neonatal infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Neonatal infection surveillance networks are necessary for defining the epidemiology of infections and monitoring changes over time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective multicentre surveillance using a web-based database.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>12 English neonatal units.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Newborns admitted in 2006\u20132008, with positive blood, cerebrospinal fluid or urine culture and treated with antibiotics for at least 5 days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incidence, age at infection, pathogens and antibiotic resistance profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the inclusion of coagulase negative <jats:italic>Staphylococci<\/jats:italic> (CoNS), the incidence of all neonatal infection was 8\/1000 live births and 71\/1000 neonatal admissions (2007\u20132008). The majority of infections occurred in premature (&lt;37 weeks) and low birthweight (&lt;2500 g) infants (82% and 81%, respectively). The incidence of early onset sepsis (EOS; \u226448 h of age) was 0.9\/1000 live births and 9\/1000 neonatal admissions, and group B <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> (58%) and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (18%) were the most common organisms. The incidence of late onset sepsis (LOS; &gt;48 h of age) was 3\/1000 live births and 29\/1000 neonatal admissions (7\/1000 live births and 61\/1000 admissions including CoNS) and the most common organisms were CoNS (54%), <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> (21%) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (18%, 11% of which were methicillin resistant <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>). Fungi accounted for 9% of LOS (72% <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>). The majority of pathogens causing EOS (95%) and LOS (84%) were susceptible to commonly used empiric first line antibiotic combinations of penicillin\/gentamicin and flucloxacillin\/gentamicin, respectively (excluding CoNS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors have established NeonIN in England and defined the current epidemiology of neonatal infections. These data can be used for benchmarking among units, international comparisons and as a platform for interventional studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.178798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T20:24:11Z","timestamp":1285705451000},"page":"F9-F14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":387,"title":["Neonatal infections in England: the NeonIN surveillance network"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Vergnano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esse","family":"Menson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Kennea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Embleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison Bedford","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Collinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000224825.57976.87","article-title":"Neonatal infection and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in the preterm infant","volume":"19","author":"Adams-Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(03)00046-6"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.066134"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.2.F89"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71881-X"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000128782.20060.79","article-title":"Ten-year study on the effect of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on early onset group B streptococcal and Escherichia coli neonatal sepsis in Australasia","volume":"23","author":"Daley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426444"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2003.12.038"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.14"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1195"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000168749.82105.64"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.1070"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2677"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.01.006"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15389-5"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00070.x"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.082024"},{"key":"2025090512253703000_96.1.F9.18","unstructured":"Johnson AP Sharland M Goodall C . 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