{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T19:30:09Z","timestamp":1769196609149,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To measure the irradiance in humidified incubator under three different overhead phototherapy devices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effective irradiance of three phototherapy devices was assessed by taking a series of irradiance measurements in the illuminated field. Measurements were made with a fixed bandwidth broadband radiometer (380\u2013530 nm). The distance between the light source and the radiometer was 35 cm for the daylight fluorescent lamp, 40 cm for the light emitting diode (LED) and 50 cm for the halogen phototherapy. A double-wall incubator was kept at 36\u00b0C and set at three different levels of humidity (60\u201370%, 80% and equal or above 90%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The irradiance under the overhead daylight fluorescent lamp phototherapy did not change with the increasing humidity. However, above 90% humidity, when water vapour inside the incubator was so saturated to the point of totally condensing in the incubator walls, the measured irradiance decreased 15% of the initial values with the blue LED phototherapy and 45% with the halogen spotlight phototherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Highly humidified incubators are frequently used to treat very low birthweight infants. Health professionals should be aware that mist and water condensation inside an incubator may significantly reduce the efficacy of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.189423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T23:59:03Z","timestamp":1284681543000},"page":"F138-F140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mist and water condensation inside incubators reduce the efficacy of phototherapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Manoel","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Turano","family":"Torrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elisabeth Lopes","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12099.x","article-title":"Insensible water loss from the skin during phototherapy in term and preterm infants","volume":"81","author":"Kjartansson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210561"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2997"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442593"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.068015"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.6","first-page":"67","article-title":"[Standardizing the calibration of phototherapy devices \u00e2\u0080\u0093 a proposal]","volume":"77","author":"Facchini","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2000.0014"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-2009-0041","article-title":"What's news from this millennium in fluids and electrolyte management for VLBW and ELBW premature","volume":"2","author":"Baumgart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.221","article-title":"Treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"77","author":"De Carvalho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1995.23.4.315"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.11","first-page":"253","article-title":"Efficacy of new microprocessed phototherapy system with five high intensity light emitting diodes (Super LED)","volume":"83","author":"Martins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2006.08.004"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803024"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10249.x"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.5.552"},{"key":"2025090509533367000_96.2.F138.16","first-page":"92","article-title":"The influence of incubator wall on the irradiation intensity of phototherapy","volume":"37","author":"Chien","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2010.189423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T16:53:49Z","timestamp":1757091229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2010.189423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/adc.2010.189423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2010.189423","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]}}}