{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:12:53Z","timestamp":1774343573920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately one-third of ventilated infants fail extubation. The objective of this study was to determine whether assessment of the load relative to the capacity of respiratory muscles by measurement of the tension time index (TTI) successfully predicted extubation outcome in infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty ventilated infants, with a median gestational age of 31 (range 24\u201339) weeks, were studied at a median postnatal age of 2.5 (range 1\u201337) days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The diaphragm tension time index (TTdi) was derived from measurements of transdiaphragmatic pressure using a dual-pressure transducer tipped catheter. The respiratory muscle tension time index (TTmus) was derived from non-invasive airway pressure measurements. Measurements were made within the 6 h prior to extubation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 48 h of extubation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five infants failed extubation; their median TTdi (p=0.001) and TTmus (p=0.001) were significantly higher than those of the successfully extubated infants. A TTdi of &gt;0.15 and a TTmus of &gt;0.18 were 100% sensitive and 100% specific in predicting extubation failure<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In ventilated infants, invasive and non-invasive measurements of the TTI could provide an accurate prediction of extubation outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.191015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]],"date-time":"2010-11-20T20:39:31Z","timestamp":1290285571000},"page":"F265-F269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prediction of extubation outcome in infants using the tension time index"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Currie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deena-Shefali","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrard F","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050410001668239"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.2","first-page":"436","article-title":"Spontaneous minute ventilation predicts readiness for extubation in mechanically ventilated preterm infants","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.081083"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.86.1.F32"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050059"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950090103","article-title":"Pulmonary function testing prior to extubation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Veness-Meehan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-197911000-00001"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198007000-00002","article-title":"Preextubation ventilatory measurements in newborns and infants","volume":"59","author":"Belani","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1196","article-title":"Evaluation of human diaphragm fatigue","volume":"53","author":"Bellemare","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.330569"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200811-1725OC"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.4.735","article-title":"Improved esophageal balloon technique for use in infants","volume":"49","author":"Beardsmore","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.13","first-page":"788","article-title":"A simple method for assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique","volume":"126","author":"Baydur","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(90)90025-E"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0914-6"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.121335"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0439-4"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000297883.04634.11"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199609000-00023"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130478-200010000-00006"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(99)00075-4"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.3.2004176","article-title":"Effect of maturity on maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure in infants during crying","volume":"164","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199705)23:5<336::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01087.2002"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.2.646","article-title":"Validation of a noninvasive tension-time index of inspiratory muscles","volume":"78","author":"Ramonatxo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3898"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00089-4"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9803112","article-title":"Diaphragm sarcolemmal injury is induced by sepsis and alleviated by nitric oxide synthase inhibition","volume":"158","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1201","article-title":"Nutritional status is an important predictor of diaphragm strength in young patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"80","author":"Hart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14c09.x"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-042OC"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01213.2001"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00881.2001"},{"key":"2025090502171044000_96.4.F265.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80585-7"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2010.191015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T09:17:19Z","timestamp":1757063839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.2010.191015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/adc.2010.191015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2010.191015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-2998","1468-2052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,20]]}}}