{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:52:06Z","timestamp":1769637126530,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine if the addition of an inhaled equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) and oxygen (EMONO) would produce superior pain relief to standard pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures during eye examination screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A randomised, double-blind controlled trial was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Royal Victoria Hospital, a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Montreal, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stable spontaneously breathing premature infants with birth weights less than 1500 g or gestation of 30 weeks and less.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the eye examination, all infants were swaddled, received oral sucrose and topical anaesthetics. Control group infants received a mixture of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrogen (n=18) administered by nasal cannula, while the intervention group received EMONO (50% oxygen and 50% N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pain was assessed by the premature infant pain profile (PIPP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean PIPP score at speculum insertion in the control group (8.4, 95% CI 7.6 to 9.3) was comparable with the EMONO group (8.5, 95% CI 7.3 to 9.8) with a p value of 0.94. There were no significant differences in heart rate or saturation between the two groups. EMONO inhalation was tolerated without any measured side effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>EMONO does not produce any additional pain relief over currently used measures during ROP screening eye examinations. Systematically combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities appears to be the best option until newer treatments are proven effective.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical trials registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT00623220<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2011.210740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T20:35:20Z","timestamp":1313094920000},"page":"F83-F87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Nitrous oxide analgesia during retinopathy screening: a randomised controlled 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