{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T23:29:40Z","timestamp":1759447780246},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.1.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T21:14:24Z","timestamp":1229980464000},"page":"4-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Birth trauma to muscles in babies born by breech delivery and its possible fatal consequences."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Z A","family":"Ralis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"known that patients with crush syndrome tolerate blood loss badly. In Hardaway et al's experiments","volume-title":"the mortality of haemorrhagic shock in dogs increased from 13% to 91% after the injection of 22 ml of their own haemolysed blood","year":"1964","unstructured":"known that patients with crush syndrome tolerate blood loss badly. In Hardaway et al's experiments (1964) the mortality of haemorrhagic shock in dogs increased from 13% to 91% after the injection of 22 ml of their own haemolysed blood."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"babies with severe muscle trauma resulting in stagnant capillary circulation, acidosis, and myolytic and haemolytic products accumulated in crushed tissues provide all the conditions necessary for development of DIC (Hardaway and","author":"Finally","year":"1963","unstructured":"Finally, babies with severe muscle trauma resulting in stagnant capillary circulation, acidosis, and myolytic and haemolytic products accumulated in crushed tissues provide all the conditions necessary for development of DIC (Hardaway and Johnson, 1963; Hardaway, 1966; R. M. Hardaway, personal communication, 1970). Leissring and Vorlick5 (1968) reported a case of a newborn baby with asphyxia, brain damage, and haemorrhagic","journal-title":"Johnson; personal communication"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Pathomorphological classification of the birth damage. Sborn. 9. ped","author":"Benesova, D.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Benesova, D. (1958). Pathomorphological classification of the birth damage. Sborn. 9. ped. sjezdu, Brno, 1957. SPN, Praha (in Czech)."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"588","article-title":"Anemia caused by extensive hematoma of the scalp in the newborn (apropos of five recent cases)","volume":"15","author":"Bernard, R.; Sansot et Rapezzi, M.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Bernard, R., and Sansot et Rapezzi, M. (1960). Anemia caused by extensive hematoma of the scalp in the newborn (apropos of five recent cases). Pediatrie, 15, 588.","journal-title":"Pediatrie"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3109\/00016345609155722","article-title":"Maternal morbidity and foetal mortality associated with breech presentation","volume":"35","author":"Brosset, A.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Brosset, A. (1956). Maternal morbidity and foetal mortality associated with breech presentation. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 35, 546.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"461","article-title":"Some considerations on breech presentation following new data on this subject","volume":"61","author":"Burger, P.; Milfort, J.; Denef, R.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Burger, P., Milfort, J., and Denef, R. (1962). Some considerations on breech presentation following new data on this subject. Gynicologie et Obstitrique (in French), 61, 461.","journal-title":"Gynicologie et Obstitrique (in French)"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"687","article-title":"One year's experience with babies born by breech presentation and Caesarean section","author":"Elefant, E.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Elefant, E. (1957). One year's experience with babies born by breech presentation and Caesarean section. Ceskoslovensk4 Pediatrie (in Czech), 12, 687."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"p.","article-title":"Die Geburt in Quer-und Beckenendlage","author":"Gaehtgens, G.","year":"1942","unstructured":"Gaehtgens, G. (1942). Die Geburt in Quer-und Beckenendlage, p."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"140","article-title":"Analysis of 3301 breech deliveries in hospitals of Brooklyn, New York","volume":"28","author":"Dresden, Leipzig Gordon; A., C.; Garlick, R.; Oginz, P.","year":"1934","unstructured":"Dresden, Leipzig. Gordon, C. A., Garlick, R., and Oginz, P. (1934). Analysis of 3301 breech deliveries in hospitals of Brooklyn, New York. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28, 140.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"in whom post-mortem microscopical examination revealed typical features of DIC. The baby with '... petechial rash over the buttocks and diffuse ecchymosis of the left flank...' was born to a 30-year-old primpara and died 7 days after breech extraction","author":"diathesis","year":"1951","unstructured":"diathesis, in whom post-mortem microscopical examination revealed typical features of DIC. The baby with '... petechial rash over the buttocks and diffuse ecchymosis of the left flank...' was born to a 30-year-old primpara and died 7 days after breech extraction. Jonsson (1951) reported 3 newborn babies with acute renal insufficiency and 'severe","journal-title":"Jonsson; reported 3 newborn babies with acute renal insufficiency and 'severe"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Syndromes of Disseminated Intravascular","author":"Hardaway, R.M.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hardaway, R. M. (1966). Syndromes of Disseminated Intravascular"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"292","article-title":"A unified theory of shock","volume":"29","author":"Hardaway, R.M.; Johnson, D.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hardaway, R. M., and Johnson, D. (1963). A unified theory of shock. American Surgeon, 29, 292.","journal-title":"American Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196409000-00007","article-title":"Influence of trauma and hemolysis on hemorrhagic shock in dogs. J7ournal of","volume":"4","author":"Hardaway, R.M.; Johnson, D.G.; Elovitz, M.J.; Houchin, D.N.; Jenkins, E.B.; Burns, J.W.; Jackson, D.R.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hardaway, R. M., Johnson, D. G., Elovitz, M. J., Houchin, D. N., Jenkins, E. B., Burns, J. W.. and Jackson, D. R. (1964). Influence of trauma and hemolysis on hemorrhagic shock in dogs. J7ournal of Trauma, 4, 624.","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Breech deliveries: with special reference to foetal mortality. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, asphyxia and shock', and described the typical DIC appearance in liver and brain of one. The appearance of microthrombi in our material resembles that in experimental traumatic shock and in DIC. Though the microthrombi are not always easy to find as they soon disappear, probably being lysed by endogenous fibrinolysin and then washed out. On the other hand, these changes are not merely 'agonal', as they are frequently seen in","author":"Hedberg, E.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Hedberg, E. (1957). Breech deliveries: with special reference to foetal mortality. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, asphyxia and shock', and described the typical DIC appearance in liver and brain of one. The appearance of microthrombi in our material resembles that in experimental traumatic shock and in DIC. Though the microthrombi are not always easy to find as they soon disappear, probably being lysed by endogenous fibrinolysin and then washed out. On the other hand, these changes are not merely 'agonal', as they are frequently seen in"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"818","article-title":"External cephalhaematomata and hyperbilirubinemia in newborn babies","volume":"18","author":"Janovskt, M.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Janovskt, M. (1963). External cephalhaematomata and hyperbilirubinemia in newborn babies. Ceskoslovenskd Pediatrie (in Czech), 18, 818.","journal-title":"Ceskoslovenskd Pediatrie (in Czech)"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1951.tb16505.x","article-title":"Lower nephron nephrosis in asphyxia neonatorum","volume":"40","author":"Jonsson, B.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Jonsson, B. (1951). Lower nephron nephrosis in asphyxia neonatorum. Acta Paediatrica, 40, 401.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1806","article-title":"Cause of the high mortality in pelvic presentation","volume":"65","author":"Kauffler, R.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Kauffler, R. (1941). Cause of the high mortality in pelvic presentation. Zentralblatt fiur Gynakologie, 65, 1806.","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fiur Gynakologie"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a neonate","author":"Leissring, J.C.; Vorlickt, L.N.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Leissring, J. C., and Vorlickt, L. N. (1968). Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a neonate. American Journal of Discases of Children, 115, 100.","journal-title":"American Journal of Discases"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"262","article-title":"Analysis of 16,327 breech births","volume":"187","author":"Morgan, H.S.; Kane, S.H.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Morgan, H. S., and Kane, S. H. (1964). Analysis of 16,327 breech births. Journal of the American Medical Association, 187, 262.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"48","article-title":"Un cas curieux de mort sous l'eau per action d'une enorme ventouse","volume":"32","author":"Muller, M.; Muller, P.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Muller, M., and Muller, P. (1952). Un cas curieux de mort sous l'eau per action d'une enorme ventouse. Annales de Mddecine Legale, Criminologie, Police Scientifique et Toxicologie, 32, 48.","journal-title":"Annales de Mddecine Legale, Criminologie, Police Scientifique et Toxicologie"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"85","article-title":"Injury of penis, scrotum and buttocks of the newborn resulting in gangrene","volume":"75","author":"Nielson, H.K.; Ferris, D.O.; Logan, G.B.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Nielson, H. K., Ferris, D. O., and Logan, G. B. (1948). Injury of penis, scrotum and buttocks of the newborn resulting in gangrene. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 75, 85. Rili\u00a7, Z. A. (1964). Birth trauma to the gluteal region in a newborn. Paper read at a meeting of the Orthopaedic Club Prague.","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children; Birth trauma to the gluteal region in a newborn. Paper read at a meeting of the Orthopaedic Club Prague"},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Trauma to newborn babies during breech delivery. Part 1. Visceral organs and locomotor system","author":"Ralii, Z.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ralii, Z. A. (1968a). Trauma to newborn babies during breech delivery. Part 1. Visceral organs and locomotor system."},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Trauma to newborn babies during breech delivery. Part 2. Muscle damage","author":"Ralis, Z.A.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ralis, Z. A. (1968b). Trauma to newborn babies during breech delivery. Part 2. Muscle damage. M.D. Thesis. Faculty of Paediatrics, Charles University, Prague."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.38.6.1039","article-title":"Creatine phosphokinase activity in serum of newborn infants as an indicator of fetal trauma during birth","volume":"38","author":"Rudolph, N.; Gross, R.T.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rudolph, N., and Gross, R. T. (1966). Creatine phosphokinase activity in serum of newborn infants as an indicator of fetal trauma during birth. Pediatrics, 38, 1039.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(55)90097-1","article-title":"End results of breech deliveries at Lewis Memorial Maternity Hospital based on a 21 year study","volume":"69","author":"Schmitz, H.E.; Smith, C.J.; Clumpner, E.R.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Schmitz, H. E., Smith, C. J., and Clumpner, E. R. (1955). End results of breech deliveries at Lewis Memorial Maternity Hospital based on a 21 year study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 69, 984. Schwartz. P. (1964). Geburtsschdden bei Neugeboren,n, p. 29.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"Blood Diseases of Infancy and Childhlood","author":"Fischer, Jena Smith C.A.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fischer, Jena. Smith. C. A. (1966). Blood Diseases of Infancy and Childhlood, 2nd ed. Mosby, St. Louis.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"Term breech: review","author":"Todd, W.D.; Steer, C.M.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Todd, W. D., and Steer, C. M. (1963). Term breech: review of"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"The paediatric fractures. Stdtni Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvi","author":"Tolovsk9, V.; Stryhal, F.; Syrovitka, A.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Tolovsk9, V., Stryhal, F., and Syrovitka, A. (1961). The paediatric fractures. Stdtni Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvi (in Czech)."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(50)90019-6","article-title":"An evaluation of breech presentation and vaginal delivery","volume":"60","author":"Zacharias, L.F.; Heery, R.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Zacharias, L. F., and Heery, R. (1950). An evaluation of breech presentation and vaginal delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 60, 1352.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.50.1.4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T03:41:06Z","timestamp":1684813266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/adc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/adc.50.1.4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1975,1,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.50.1.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9888","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1975,1,1]]}}}