{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:58:40Z","timestamp":1787893120415,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The authors report the results of a selective ultrasound screening programme for congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) over a period of 20 years, with the aim of defining the rate of screening, conservative treatment and late presentation requiring surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All neonates born from June 1988 to December 2008 (inclusive) were included in the prospective cohort, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. All underwent an early clinical examination of the hips and those with clinical instability were referred for ultrasound at 2 weeks; those with risk factors were sonographically examined at 6 weeks. Risk factors were defined as breech presentation, family history or foot deformity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>107 440 live births were clinically examined, 20 344 (18.9%) were referred for ultrasound assessment at either 2 weeks (due to clinical signs) or 6 weeks (due to risk factors). 774 (3.8%) were diagnosed with dysplasia with a crude overall treatment rate of 7.2 per 1000 live births. 37 (0.34 per 1000) presented late, that is, after 12 weeks of age; none had detectable clinical signs or risk factors. There were no false negatives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Elective screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in association with one stop treatment and monitoring is an effective programme. The number of infants referred increased statistically significantly year on year over the study period and generated more activity. Pavlik harness treatment rates remained acceptable and steady over the period, despite the increase in referrals. The incidence of late presenting cases ranged from 0 to 4 per year, with no secular trend and there were no ultrasound false negatives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]],"date-time":"2012-03-12T20:41:57Z","timestamp":1331584917000},"page":"423-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Twenty years experience of selective secondary ultrasound screening for congenital dislocation of the hip"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Nicholas M P","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel C","family":"Reading","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm C","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bochmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B1.2914985","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip\u2014a misleading term: brief report.","volume":"71","author":"Klisic","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Congenital dislocation of the hip: early diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"13","author":"Barlow","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lond Clin Med J"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B4.8027133","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging and secondary screening for congenital dislocation of the hip.","volume":"76","author":"Boeree","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470510030517","article-title":"Hip dysplasia and osteoarthrosis: a survey of 4151 subjects from the Osteoarthrosis Substudy of the Copenhagen City Heart Study.","volume":"76","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318190a0be","article-title":"Intraarticular findings in symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"29","author":"Fujii","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.566146","article-title":"Total hip replacement in young adults with hip dysplasia: age at diagnosis, previous treatment, quality of life, and validation of diagnoses reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register between 1987 and 2007.","volume":"82","author":"Enges\u00e6ter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh436","article-title":"Hip dysplasia: a significant risk factor for the development of hip osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional survey.","volume":"44","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1282","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1594","article-title":"Medical diagnoses commonly associated with pediatric malpractice lawsuits in the United States.","volume":"122","author":"McAbee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00277","article-title":"Review of successful litigation against English health trusts in the treatment of adults with orthopaedic pathology: clinical governance lessons learned.","volume":"92","author":"Atrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B4.0830579","article-title":"Hip disease and the prognosis of total hip replacements. A review of 53,698 primary total hip replacements reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1987\u201399.","volume":"83","author":"Furnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.11","first-page":"6","article-title":"The use of ultrasonography in developmental dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"41","author":"Graf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B5.0810852","article-title":"Financial justification for routine ultrasound screening of the neonatal hip.","volume":"81","author":"Clegg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.86B4.14586","article-title":"Evolution of late presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip and associated surgical procedures after 14 years of neonatal ultrasound screening.","volume":"86","author":"Wirth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolacott NF Puhan MA Steurer J . Ultrasonography in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns: systematic review. BMJ 2005;330:1413.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38450.646088.E0"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14957-4","article-title":"Effect of ultrasound screening on the rate of first operative procedures for developmental hip dysplasia in Germany.","volume":"362","author":"von Kries","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.16","first-page":"575","article-title":"Pierre Le Damany on congenital dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"62","author":"Dickson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B5.1527106","article-title":"Screening for congenital dislocation of the hip.","volume":"74","author":"Bennet","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B6.2246288","article-title":"Results of a 25-year screening programme for neonatal hip instability.","volume":"72","author":"Macnicol","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31802b70e5","article-title":"A reappraisal of the Ortolani examination in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"27","author":"Lipton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.20","first-page":"281","article-title":"Principles and practice of mass screening for disease.","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.21","unstructured":"Committee UNS, 2011. http:\/\/www.screening.nhs.uk\/criteria (accessed 12 Feb 2012)"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170190053009","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of alternative screening strategies for developmental dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"149","author":"Rosendahl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050074","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of ultrasonographic screening for congenital hip dysplasia in new-borns.","volume":"25","author":"Geitung","year":"1996","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.24","first-page":"171","article-title":"Ultrasound screening of the neonatal hip: cost\u2013benefit analysis.","volume":"42","author":"Brali\u0107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.9.760","article-title":"Efficiency of alternative policy options for screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in the United Kingdom.","volume":"88","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.9.753","article-title":"Performance, treatment pathways, and effects of alternative policy options for screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in the United Kingdom.","volume":"88","author":"Dezateux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12024-1","article-title":"Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of developmental hip dysplasia (UK Hip Trial): clinical and economic results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.","volume":"360","author":"Elbourne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B3.3889008","article-title":"Real-time ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"67","author":"Clarke","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000158003.68918.28","article-title":"The surgical treatment of established congenital dislocation of the hip: results of surgery after planned delayed intervention following the appearance of the capital femoral ossific nucleus.","volume":"25","author":"Clarke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-199703000-00010","article-title":"Management of dislocated hips with Pavlik harness treatment and ultrasound monitoring.","volume":"17","author":"Harding","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-010-0276-4","article-title":"A review of reported litigation against English health trusts for the treatment of children in orthopaedics: present trends and suggestions to reduce mistakes.","volume":"4","author":"Atrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00015","article-title":"New possibilities for the diagnosis of congenital hip joint dislocation by ultrasonography.","volume":"3","author":"Graf","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1177\/112070000701705S02","article-title":"Hip sonography: 20 years experience and results.","volume":"17","author":"Graf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B6.0840886","article-title":"Universal or selective screening of the neonatal hip using ultrasound? A prospective, randomised trial of 15,529 newborn infants.","volume":"84","author":"Holen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3725","article-title":"Risk management and developmental dysplasia of the hip: primum non nocere.","volume":"123","author":"Shipman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00122","article-title":"To screen or not to screen? A decision analysis of the utility of screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip.","volume":"91","author":"Mahan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shorter D Hong T Osborn DA . Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;9:CD004595.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004595.pub2"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00450934","article-title":"The diagnosis of congenital hip-joint dislocation by the ultrasonic Combound treatment.","volume":"97","author":"Graf","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B4.8027134","article-title":"Routine ultrasound screening for neonatal hip instability. Can it abolish late-presenting congenital dislocation of the hip?","volume":"76","author":"Marks","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B8.25935","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of universal ultrasound screening compared with clinical examination alone in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hip dysplasia in Austria.","volume":"93","author":"Thaler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025101602102455000_97.5.423.41","first-page":"2472","article-title":"Economic evaluation of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of developmental hip dysplasia in the United Kingdom and Ireland.","volume":"87","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Archives of Disease in Childhood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:13:07Z","timestamp":1760605987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/adc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-9888","1468-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9888","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,12]]}}}