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Whether the sequelae of late preterm or early term birth extends to poor mental health and well-being in adolescence is unclear and has not been systematically assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linear regression was used to assess the adjusted associations of gestational age (very\/moderate preterm (&lt;34\u2005weeks, n=85), late preterm (34\u201336\u2005weeks, n=305), early term (37\u201338\u2005weeks, n=2228), full term (39\u201340\u2005weeks, n=4018), late term (41\u2005weeks, n=809), post-term (\u226542\u2005weeks, n=213)) with self-reported self-esteem at \u223c11\u2005years (n=6935), parent-reported Rutter score assessing the common emotional and behavioural problems at \u223c7\u2005years (n=6292) and \u223c11\u2005years (n=5596) and self-reported depressive symptoms at \u223c13\u2005years (n=5795) in a population-representative Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort \u2018Children of 1997\u2019 where gestational age has little social patterning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very\/moderate preterm birth was associated with higher Rutter subscore for hyperactivity (\u00df coefficients 0.5, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.00) at \u223c7\u2005years but not at \u223c11\u2005years, adjusted for sex, age, socio-economic position, parents\u2019 age at birth, birth order and secondhand smoke exposure. Similarly adjusted, late preterm, early term, late term and post-term birth were not associated with self-esteem or depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a population-representative birth cohort from a non-Western-developed setting, gestational age had few associations with mental health and well-being in adolescence, whereas very preterm birth was specifically associated with hyperactivity in childhood. Inconsistencies with studies from Western settings suggest setting specific unmeasured confounding may underlie any observed associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T02:40:32Z","timestamp":1433299232000},"page":"856-862","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gestational age and adolescent mental health: evidence from Hong Kong's \u2018Children of 1997\u2019 birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel 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