{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:32:40Z","timestamp":1789853560756,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) has been recognised as an important contributing factor to physical and cognitive stunting, poor response to oral vaccines, limited resilience to acute infections and ultimately global childhood mortality. The aetiology of EED remains poorly defined but the epidemiology suggests a multifactorial combination of prenatal and early-life undernutrition and repeated infectious and\/or toxic environmental insults due to unsanitary and unhygienic environments. Previous attempts at medical interventions to ameliorate EED have been unsatisfying. However, a new generation of imaging and \u2018-omics\u2019 technologies hold promise for developing a new understanding of the pathophysiology of EED. A series of trials designed to decrease EED and stunting are taking novel approaches, including improvements in sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions. Although many challenges remain in defeating EED, the global child health community must redouble their efforts to reduce EED in order to make substantive improvements in morbidity and mortality worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T13:04:14Z","timestamp":1468933454000},"page":"741-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["New insights into environmental enteric dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Indi","family":"Trehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurmohammad","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Manary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-1","volume-title":"Sustainable development goals","author":"United Nations"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905514Y.0000000158","article-title":"The stunting syndrome in developing countries","volume":"34","author":"Prendergast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.036","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy, oral vaccine failure and growth faltering in infants in Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Naylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.04.007","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy: critical implications of a poorly understood condition","volume":"18","author":"Korpe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0743","article-title":"Enteropathies in the developing world: neglected effects on global health","volume":"86","author":"Prendergast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400308","article-title":"Implications of acquired environmental enteric dysfunction for growth and stunting in infants and children living in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"34","author":"Keusch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu485","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical consequences","volume":"59","author":"Keusch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0187-1","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy and malnutrition: do we know enough to intervene?","volume":"12","author":"Petri","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265150361S113","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction: an overview","volume":"36","author":"Crane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309534-11","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Association. 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