{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:44:08Z","timestamp":1791276248383,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Academic achievement varies according to gestational age but it is unclear whether achievement varies within \u2018term\u2019 (37\u201341\u2005weeks gestation) or for \u2018post-term\u2019 births (\u226542\u2005weeks). We examined gestational age from preterm to post-term against a national minimum standard for academic achievement in population data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Literacy and numeracy data of 8-year-old South Australian grade 3 children in 2008\u20132010 were linked to routinely collected perinatal data (N=28\u2005155).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Longer gestation from 23 to 45\u2005weeks was associated with lower risk of poor literacy and numeracy. Adjusted relative risks for being at or below national minimum standard ranged from 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22) for \u2018late preterm\u2019 (32\u201336\u2005weeks) for numeracy, to 1.84 (95% CI 1.48 to 2.30) for \u2018early preterm\u2019 (23\u201331\u2005weeks) for writing. Within term, every additional week of gestational age was associated with small decreased risks of poor literacy and numeracy (eg, relative risks for poor numeracy 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20 for 37\u2005weeks). Population-attributable fractions for poor achievement were highest among children born \u2018early term\u2019 (37\u201339\u2005weeks) due to their higher population prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shorter gestational age was associated with increased risk of poor literacy\/numeracy. While children born \u2018early term\u2019 experience only between 1% and 10% increased risk, they constitute a larger proportion of children with poor educational achievement than preterm children, and thus are important to consider for supportive interventions to improve population-level achievement gains. The seemingly lower risk for post-term children showed large error estimates and warrants further consideration within even larger populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T21:10:22Z","timestamp":1486069822000},"page":"F409-F416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Gestational age and school achievement: a population study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Amelia K","family":"Searle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa G","family":"Smithers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine R","family":"Chittleborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tess A","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr024"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200512000-00008"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.01.027"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1405"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp413"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2157"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2700"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12058"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4092"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000289"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12071"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000171","article-title":"School performance after preterm birth","volume":"26","author":"Ahlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13324"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306124"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300888"},{"key":"2025090510155925000_102.5.F409.17","unstructured":"Heckman JJ . 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