{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:17:51Z","timestamp":1793812671933,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the short-term neonatal outcome after fetal thoracoamniotic shunt placement for isolated hydrothorax.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective evaluation of infants with isolated hydrothorax treated with thoracoamniotic shunt placement at our fetal therapy centre between 2001 and 2016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total 48 fetuses were treated with a thoracoamniotic shunt. All fetuses had signs of hydrops at the time of intervention. Median (IQR) gestational age at shunting was 28.7 (24.4\u201331.3) weeks. Forty-one of 48 (85%) fetuses were born alive at a median (IQR) gestational age of 34.4 (31.1\u201336.7) weeks. In one child the course of disease after birth was unknown (this child was excluded from further analyses). After birth, 24\/40 (60%) children had signs of pleural effusion and 12\/40 (30%) needed a thoracic shunt for continuous pleural drainage. Twenty-one (53%) children required mechanical ventilation, of whom 13 (33%) needed high-frequency ventilation as rescue therapy. Overall 30\/40 (75%) infants survived the neonatal period. Neonatal survival rate was significantly higher when infants were born \u226532 weeks\u2019 gestation as compared with &lt;32 weeks: 93% (26\/28) versus 33% (4\/12), p&lt;0.01.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postnatal course of hydropic fetuses treated with thoracoamniotic shunt for isolated hydrothorax is often complicated by respiratory failure and persistent pleural effusions. Neonatal survival is good provided delivery occurs at or after 32 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]],"date-time":"2017-08-05T20:30:28Z","timestamp":1501965028000},"page":"F245-F249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Neonatal management and outcome after thoracoamniotic shunt placement for fetal hydrothorax"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Ruben S G M","family":"Witlox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans J C M","family":"Klumper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan B","family":"te Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik W","family":"van Zwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"Oepkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lopriore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090509392968000_103.3.F245.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(89)80509-3"},{"key":"2025090509392968000_103.3.F245.2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Isolated fetal pleural effusion: a prenatal management dilemma","volume":"81","author":"Hagay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025090509392968000_103.3.F245.3","first-page":"75","article-title":"Dynamics of pleural fluid effusion and chylothorax in the fetus and newborn: role of the lymphatic system","volume":"46","author":"Bellini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"2025090509392968000_103.3.F245.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00543.x","article-title":"Resolution of fetal bilateral chylothorax and ascites after two unilateral 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