{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:31:26Z","timestamp":1787801486894,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the changes in systemic and cerebral haemodynamics between supine and prone sleep in healthy term infants during the early postnatal period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthy term infants without congenital anomalies, patent ductus arteriosus and\/or small for gestational age status were enrolled. Infants were placed in supine (SP<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), prone (PP) and back in supine (SP<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) position for 15\u2009min each while asleep. Cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were assessed by electrical velocimetry (EV) and echocardiography (echo), and cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in the frontal lobes was monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. Heart rate (HR) and SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were continuously monitored by conventional monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 34 healthy term infants (mean age 3.7\u00b11.2 days; 16 females), 66 sets of serial CO measurements (34\u2009EV and 32 echo) in three sleep positions were obtained. Mean CO<jats:sub>EV<\/jats:sub> and CO<jats:sub>echo<\/jats:sub> were 182\u00b157 (SP<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), 170\u00b150 (PP) and 177\u00b154 (SP<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and 193\u00b148 (SP<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), 174\u00b140 (PP) and 192\u00b150 (SP<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) mL\/kg\/min, respectively. Mean SV<jats:sub>EV<\/jats:sub> and SV<jats:sub>echo<\/jats:sub> were 1.46\u00b10.47 (SP<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), 1.36\u00b10.38 (PP) and 1.37\u00b10.39 (SP<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and 1.54\u00b140 (SP<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), 1.38\u00b10.38 (PP) and 1.51\u00b10.41 (SP<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) mL\/kg, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a decrease in CO and SV during prone positions by both EV and echo, while HR, SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and CrSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> did not change. Thirty-eight per cent of the CO measurements decreased\u226510% during prone positioning.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In healthy term infants, CO decreases in prone position due to a decrease in SV and not HR. CO recovers when placed back in supine. However, frontal lobe CrSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> does not change in the different positions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-311769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]],"date-time":"2017-07-26T20:50:20Z","timestamp":1501102220000},"page":"F483-F489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Changes in cardiac output and cerebral oxygenation during prone and supine sleep positioning in healthy term infants"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5155-6189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rey-In","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children\u2019s Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Seri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090512512371000_102.6.F483.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.33-7-314"},{"key":"2025090512512371000_102.6.F483.2","unstructured":"Data and statistics. 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